ἀπολούω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word apoloúō, represented by G628, means to wash fully. It appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible. Based on its components ἀπό (from) and λούω (to wash), it carries the figurative meaning of having sins remitted, translated as "wash" or "wash away."

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In its biblical usage, G628 describes a definitive spiritual cleansing. In Acts 22:16, the term is used in a direct command linked to baptism and salvation: "arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord." This theme is reinforced in 1 Corinthians 6:11, where it is presented as a completed action for believers, listed alongside other redemptive works: "but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God."

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words are contextually linked to G628, clarifying its theological function:

• G907 baptízō: This word means "to immerse, submerge" and refers to the ordinance of Christian baptism. It is directly paired with the washing away of sins in the command to "be baptized, and wash away thy sins" Acts 22:16.
• G37 hagiázō: Defined as "to make holy, i.e. (ceremonially) purify or consecrate," this term for sanctification appears immediately after washing in 1 Corinthians 6:11, showing that a believer is not only washed but also set apart.
• G1344 dikaióō: Meaning "to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent," this word for justification is also part of the sequence in 1 Corinthians 6:11, establishing that the believer is washed, sanctified, and declared righteous.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G628 is significant, highlighting key aspects of salvation.

• Definitive Forgiveness: The word signifies a complete and total removal of sin, not a partial or repeated cleansing. The action in Acts 22:16 is accomplished by "calling on the name of the Lord."
• A Foundational Act of Salvation: Its placement in 1 Corinthians 6:11—"ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified"—shows that this spiritual washing is an integral and inseparable part of the salvation experience, accomplished by the "Spirit of our God."
• Link to Baptism: The command in Acts 22:16 connects the internal, spiritual act of having sins washed away (apoloúō) with the external ordinance of baptism (baptízō).

Summary

In summary, G628 is a potent and specific term for the spiritual cleansing from sin that occurs at salvation. Though used only twice, its context links it inextricably with baptism, sanctification, and justification. It describes a one-time, complete washing away of sin, secured through the name of the Lord Jesus and the power of the Holy Spirit.