### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb ἀποδιορίζω (G592) is a compound word derived from ἀπό (apo, "from, away from"), διά (dia, "through, apart"), and ὁρίζω (horizo, "to mark out boundaries, define, determine"). Etymologically, it conveys the idea of setting boundaries that result in a definitive separation or disjoining. The prefix ἀπό intensifies the separation, suggesting a complete or decisive act of setting something apart, while διά emphasizes the division or distinction being made. The root ὁρίζω, from which we derive "horizon" or "to define," points to the establishment of clear limits or distinctions. Thus, ἀποδιορίζω means "to disjoin by a boundary," "to separate completely," or "to create distinct divisions." Its singular occurrence in the New Testament, as will be explored, applies this concept figuratively to the separation of parties or groups within a community, specifically in a negative sense.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term ἀποδιορίζω (G592) appears only once in the entire New Testament, in [[Jude 1:19]]. The verse reads: "These are the ones who cause divisions, who are worldly and do not have the Spirit." In this context, ἀποδιορίζω is translated as "cause divisions" or "make separations." The author of Jude employs this potent verb to describe the actions of certain individuals who were infiltrating the early Christian communities. These individuals were not merely holding different opinions; rather, they were actively creating distinct, divisive factions within the body of believers. The participle οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες (hoi apodiorizontes) identifies them as "the ones who are separating themselves" or "the ones who are causing others to be separated."
The immediate context reveals the nature and motivation of these dividers. Jude describes them as "worldly" (ψυχικοί, psychikoi, literally "soulish" or "natural," lacking spiritual discernment) and lacking "the Spirit." This stands in stark contrast to the Spirit-filled unity and love that characterize genuine Christian fellowship. The divisions they create are not merely organizational but fundamental, stemming from a carnal nature and an absence of the Holy Spirit's unifying presence. Their actions lead to schism and fragmentation, undermining the community's peace and integrity. Thus, in its sole biblical occurrence, ἀποδιορίζω carries a strong negative connotation, describing a destructive act of separation driven by unspiritual motives.
### Related Words & Concepts
To fully appreciate ἀποδιορίζω (G592), it is helpful to consider its relationship to other Greek words concerning division and unity.
* **Words of Division/Separation:**
* `{{G1244}}` διαιρέω (diaireō): "to divide, distribute." While it can mean to divide, it lacks the specific emphasis on "setting boundaries" inherent in ἀποδιορίζω.
* `{{G5563}}` χωρίζω (chōrizō): "to separate, depart." This is a more general term for separation, whether physical or metaphorical.
* `{{G1370}}` διχοστασία (dichostasia): "dissension, division." This noun describes the *state* or *result* of division, often used in lists of "works of the flesh" (e.g., [[Galatians 5:20]]). ἀποδιορίζω describes the *act* of causing such a state.
* `{{G4797}}` σχίσμα (schisma): "a split, division, schism." Similar to διχοστασία, this noun refers to a division or tear, particularly within a community (e.g., [[1 Corinthians 1:10]]).
* **Words of Unity/Fellowship (Antonyms):**
* `{{G1773}}` ἑνότης (henotēs): "unity, oneness" (e.g., [[Ephesians 4:3]]).
* `{{G2842}}` κοινωνία (koinōnia): "fellowship, communion, participation."
* `{{G4887}}` συνίστημι (synistēmi): "to stand together, to unite."
The unique contribution of ἀποδιορίζω is its strong emphasis on the *active creation of boundaries* that lead to distinct, often hostile, factions, particularly in a spiritual or doctrinal sense. It's not just a separation, but a definitive delineation of "us" versus "them."
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of ἀποδιορίζω (G592) is profound, especially given its context in Jude's epistle. It highlights the grave danger of schism within the Christian community. The New Testament consistently emphasizes the unity of believers as a reflection of the triune God and a testimony to the world (e.g., [[John 17:21-23]]; [[Ephesians 4:3-6]]). Those who ἀποδιορίζω, or "cause divisions," directly oppose this divine intention and the work of the Holy Spirit, who is the ultimate unifier of the Church.
Jude's characterization of those who cause divisions as "worldly" (ψυχικοί) and "not having the Spirit" underscores a critical theological point: true unity is a spiritual fruit, while division is a manifestation of the flesh or a lack of spiritual life. Such individuals are driven by self-interest, pride, or false doctrine, rather than by love for Christ and His body. Their actions lead to the fragmentation of the church, hindering its mission and discrediting its witness. The warning serves as a stark reminder that active division is a serious offense against the community of faith, revealing a fundamental spiritual deficiency in those who perpetrate it.
### Summary
The Greek verb ἀποδιορίζω (G592) precisely conveys the act of "setting apart by boundaries" or "creating definitive divisions." Its etymological roots emphasize a complete and intentional separation. While appearing only once in the New Testament, in [[Jude 1:19]], its singular usage is highly significant. Here, it describes individuals who actively "cause divisions" within the Christian community, characterized by their worldly nature and lack of the Holy Spirit. This term carries a strong negative connotation, marking such divisive actions as contrary to the unity desired by God for His Church. Theologically, ἀποδιορίζω serves as a stern warning against schism and highlights the spiritual bankruptcy of those who actively fragment the body of Christ, contrasting sharply with the Spirit's work of fostering unity and fellowship.
TRV