### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **psychrós**, represented by `{{G5593}}`, is a term for **cold**. It appears **4 times** across **3 unique verses** in the Bible. The word is used to describe something that is chilly, either in a literal, physical sense or in a figurative, spiritual sense.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G5593}}` is used in two distinct contexts. Literally, it describes "a **cup** of **cold** water" given to one of the "little ones" in the name of a disciple, an act which is promised a reward [[Matthew 10:42]]. Figuratively, it is used in the message to the church in Laodicea, which is described as being "neither **cold** nor hot" [[Revelation 3:15]]. In this context, the speaker expresses a wish that the church were either **cold** or hot, indicating a preference for a definitive state over lukewarmness ([[Revelation 3:15]], [[Revelation 3:16]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the meaning of **psychrós**:
* `{{G2200}}` **zestós** (boiled, i.e. (by implication) calid (figuratively, fervent):--hot): This word is used in direct opposition to `{{G5593}}` to create a spiritual metaphor. The church at Laodicea is critiqued for being neither **cold** nor **hot** [[Revelation 3:15]].
* `{{G5513}}` **chliarós** (tepid:--lukewarm): This describes the state between cold and hot. Because the church is **lukewarm**, and "neither **cold** nor **hot**," it is threatened with being expelled [[Revelation 3:16]].
* `{{G2041}}` **érgon** (an act:--deed, doing, labour, work): The spiritual temperature of the Laodicean church is connected to its **works**, which are known by God [[Revelation 3:15]].
* `{{G4221}}` **potḗrion** (a drinking-vessel... a cup): This is the object that is literally described as **cold** in [[Matthew 10:42]], highlighting a simple act of charity.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G5593}}` is primarily figurative, representing a specific spiritual condition.
* **Spiritual Assessment:** The term is used as part of a divine evaluation. The declaration, "I **know** thy **works**," directly precedes the diagnosis of being neither **cold** nor hot, linking a person's spiritual state to their actions [[Revelation 3:15]].
* **A Definitive State:** In the message to Laodicea, being **cold** is presented as a state preferable to being lukewarm. This suggests that a clear spiritual position, even if it is one of disinterest or opposition, is viewed differently than a state of apathetic indifference [[Revelation 3:15-16]].
* **Value of Simple Service:** The literal use of **cold** in "a **cup** of **cold** water" emphasizes that even the most basic act of kindness and provision done in a disciple's name has significant spiritual value and will be rewarded [[Matthew 10:42]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5593}}` is a word that carries both a simple, literal meaning and a significant, figurative one. It can refer to the refreshing quality of a drink offered in kindness, or it can serve as a powerful metaphor for a spiritual state of being. Whether describing a simple act of charity or a profound spiritual condition, **psychrós** illustrates how a physical concept can be used to convey deep theological truths about service and spiritual vitality.
TRV