The Greek word psychrós, represented by G5593, is a term for cold. It appears 4 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible. The word is used to describe something that is chilly, either in a literal, physical sense or in a figurative, spiritual sense.
In the biblical narrative, G5593 is used in two distinct contexts. Literally, it describes "a cup of cold water" given to one of the "little ones" in the name of a disciple, an act which is promised a reward Matthew 10:42. Figuratively, it is used in the message to the church in Laodicea, which is described as being "neither cold nor hot" Revelation 3:15. In this context, the speaker expresses a wish that the church were either cold or hot, indicating a preference for a definitive state over lukewarmness (Revelation 3:15, Revelation 3:16).
Several related words provide context for the meaning of psychrós:
- G2200 zestós (boiled, i.e. (by implication) calid (figuratively, fervent):--hot): This word is used in direct opposition to G5593 to create a spiritual metaphor. The church at Laodicea is critiqued for being neither cold nor hot Revelation 3:15.
- G5513 chliarós (tepid:--lukewarm): This describes the state between cold and hot. Because the church is lukewarm, and "neither cold nor hot," it is threatened with being expelled Revelation 3:16.
- G2041 érgon (an act:--deed, doing, labour, work): The spiritual temperature of the Laodicean church is connected to its works, which are known by God Revelation 3:15.
- G4221 potḗrion (a drinking-vessel... a cup): This is the object that is literally described as cold in Matthew 10:42, highlighting a simple act of charity.
The theological weight of G5593 is primarily figurative, representing a specific spiritual condition.
- Spiritual Assessment: The term is used as part of a divine evaluation. The declaration, "I know thy works," directly precedes the diagnosis of being neither cold nor hot, linking a person's spiritual state to their actions Revelation 3:15.
- A Definitive State: In the message to Laodicea, being cold is presented as a state preferable to being lukewarm. This suggests that a clear spiritual position, even if it is one of disinterest or opposition, is viewed differently than a state of apathetic indifference Revelation 3:15-16.
- Value of Simple Service: The literal use of cold in "a cup of cold water" emphasizes that even the most basic act of kindness and provision done in a disciple's name has significant spiritual value and will be rewarded Matthew 10:42.
In summary, G5593 is a word that carries both a simple, literal meaning and a significant, figurative one. It can refer to the refreshing quality of a drink offered in kindness, or it can serve as a powerful metaphor for a spiritual state of being. Whether describing a simple act of charity or a profound spiritual condition, psychrós illustrates how a physical concept can be used to convey deep theological truths about service and spiritual vitality.
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