from φέρω; a load (as borne), i.e. (figuratively) a tax (properly, an individual assessment on persons or property; whereas τέλος is usually a general toll on goods or travel):--tribute.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **phóros**, represented by `{{G5411}}`, refers to a **tribute** or tax. Specifically, it denotes a load, which is borne, and is used figuratively for an individual assessment on persons or property. It is distinct from `{{G5056}}` télos, which is more of a general toll. The word appears **5 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G5411}}` is used in contexts of civil obligation and accusation. It is the central term in the question posed to Jesus about the legality of paying taxes: "Is it lawful for us to give **tribute** unto Caesar, or no?" [[Luke 20:22]]. This same issue becomes a basis for the accusation against him, where his opponents falsely claim to have found him "forbidding to give **tribute** to Caesar" [[Luke 23:2]]. In contrast, the Apostle Paul instructs believers to "Render therefore to all their dues: **tribute** to whom **tribute** is due" [[Romans 13:7]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the concept of tribute and civic duty:
* `{{G5056}}` **télos** (custom): This word refers to an impost or levy, often a general toll on goods, and is used alongside **phóros** to cover the spectrum of payments owed to governing authorities [[Romans 13:7]].
* `{{G3782}}` **opheilḗ** (debt, due): This term signifies an obligation or a sum owed. **Phóros** is presented as one of the specific "dues" that must be rendered to those in authority [[Romans 13:7]].
* `{{G3011}}` **leitourgós** (minister): This word for a public servant is used to describe governing authorities. The payment of **tribute** is justified because these authorities are "God's **ministers**" [[Romans 13:6]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G5411}}` centers on the relationship between believers and secular authorities.
* **Civic Responsibility:** The payment of **tribute** is presented as a clear obligation. It is part of rendering to all their "dues" `{{G3782}}`, alongside custom, fear, and honour [[Romans 13:7]].
* **Divine Sanction of Government:** Paul explains that the reason to pay **tribute** is that ruling authorities are "God's ministers" `{{G3011}}`, who are "attending continually upon this very thing" [[Romans 13:6]]. This grounds the civic duty in a theological understanding of government.
* **A Test of Allegiance:** The question of paying **tribute** to Caesar `{{G2541}}` was a politically charged issue, used as a trap to force a choice between loyalty to God and loyalty to Rome. The accusation that Jesus forbade paying it highlights the tension his kingship created with earthly powers [[Luke 23:2]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5411}}` is a specific term for **tribute** that carries significant weight. It is not merely about finances but touches on core principles of a believer's duty to the state. Whether used as a point of accusation against Jesus in the Gospels or as a direct command for civic obedience in Romans, **phóros** consistently frames the discussion of how divine allegiance relates to earthly obligations.
TRV