### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **phanós**, represented by `{{G5322}}`, is defined as a lightener, or more specifically, a **lantern**. It appears only **1 time** across **1 unique verse** in the Bible. Its meaning is tied to a man-made, portable source of illumination used to navigate darkness.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole biblical appearance of `{{G5322}}` is in the account of Jesus's arrest. Judas{G2455}, after having received{G2983} a band{G4686} of men and officers{G5257} from the chief priests{G749} and Pharisees{G5330}, comes{G2064} to the place where Jesus is. The group arrives with **lanterns**{G5322}, torches{G2985}, and weapons{G3696} [[John 18:3]]. The use of **lanterns** here underscores the physical darkness of the night and the deliberate, prepared nature of the confrontation.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context help illuminate the meaning of this scene:
* `{{G2985}}` **lampás** (a "lamp" or flambeau): This word for a **torch** is used directly alongside **phanós** in the arrest narrative [[John 18:3]]. It also appears in the parable of the ten virgins who took their **lamps** to meet the bridegroom [[Matthew 25:1]].
* `{{G3696}}` **hóplon** (armour, instrument, weapon): The group carried not only lights but also **weapons**, indicating their hostile intent. This term is used elsewhere to contrast carnal **weapons** with the spiritual "armour of light" [[Romans 13:12]].
* `{{G4686}}` **speîra** (band): This word, describing a mass of men like a Roman military cohort, clarifies that a large, organized group came for Jesus. The term is also used when "the band and the captain and officers" proceeded to take Jesus and bind him [[John 18:12]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G5322}}` is derived entirely from its singular, powerful context.
* **A Worldly Light:** The crowd comes with **lanterns** and torches to search for Jesus in the dark [[John 18:3]]. This stands in stark contrast to Jesus's own declaration, "I am the light of the world," where he promises that his followers shall not walk in darkness but have the light of life [[John 8:12]].
* **Instruments of Confrontation:** The **lanterns** are carried by a hostile group sent from the chief priests and Pharisees, who are also armed with carnal **weapons** [[John 18:3]]. This imagery highlights a conflict between worldly force and divine presence, where physical implements are brought against a spiritual reality.
* **The Betrayal:** The use of a **lantern** is part of the scene of Judas's betrayal. This act, led by Judas who was a guide for those who took Jesus [[Acts 1:16]], is a pivotal moment in the Passion narrative, setting in motion the events of the crucifixion.
### Summary
In summary, while `{{G5322}}` **phanós** is a rare word referring simply to a **lantern**, its single appearance is critically important. It is used in the dramatic narrative of Christ's arrest, marking a moment where worldly, physical light is brought to find the one who is the spiritual Light of the world. The word's significance, therefore, is not in its frequency but in its powerful placement, contributing to a scene rich with theological tension and irony.
TRV