### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **hybrízō**, represented by `{{G5195}}`, describes the act of exercising violence or abuse. It appears **5 times** in **5 unique verses**, with translations including "use despitefully," "reproach," and "entreat shamefully (spitefully)." The word signifies malicious mistreatment, ranging from verbal insult to life-threatening physical assault.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G5195}}` is used to describe severe hostility. It appears in Jesus' prophecy concerning his own passion, where he foretells that he will be "spitefully entreated" by the Gentiles [[Luke 18:32]]. Paul uses the same term to recall how he and his companions were "shamefully entreated" at Philippi [[1 Thessalonians 2:2]]. The word also depicts the violent rejection of God's messengers in a parable where servants are "entreated... spitefully" and then killed [[Matthew 22:6]]. In a different context, an assault is planned by a hostile crowd "to use them despitefully" and then stone the apostles [[Acts 14:5]]. The meaning also extends to verbal abuse, as when a lawyer accuses Jesus, saying "thou reproachest us also" [[Luke 11:45]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words appear alongside `{{G5195}}`, illustrating the types of abuse it encompasses:
* `{{G1702}}` **empaízō** (to jeer at, i.e. deride:--mock): This action is foretold to happen to Jesus in direct connection with being "spitefully entreated" [[Luke 18:32]].
* `{{G1716}}` **emptýō** (to spit at or on:--spit (upon)): This act of degradation is also part of the sequence of abuse predicted in [[Luke 18:32]].
* `{{G615}}` **apokteínō** (to kill outright; figuratively, to destroy:--put to death, kill, slay): In the parable of [[Matthew 22:6]], being spitefully entreated is the precursor to being slain.
* `{{G3730}}` **hormḗ** (of uncertain affinity; a violent impulse, i.e. onset:--assault): This describes the "assault" made by a crowd intending to use the apostles despitefully [[Acts 14:5]].
* `{{G3036}}` **lithoboléō** (to throw stones, i.e. lapidate:--stone, cast stones): This was the intended final act of violence after the planned despiteful use in [[Acts 14:5]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G5195}}` is centered on the theme of persecution.
* **Hostility Towards God's Messengers:** The term is consistently used to describe the violent rejection faced by those sent by God, whether they are the king's servants in a parable [[Matthew 22:6]] or the apostles themselves [[Acts 14:5]].
* **Prophetic Suffering of Christ:** Its use in [[Luke 18:32]] places this specific form of abusive treatment at the core of Jesus' predicted passion, highlighting the intentional shame and violence he would endure.
* **The Cost of Discipleship:** Paul's testimony of being "shamefully entreated" [[1 Thessalonians 2:2]] frames this kind of suffering as part of the apostolic experience in service to the gospel.
* **Verbal and Physical Rejection:** The word's application to both a lawyer's feeling of being "reproached" [[Luke 11:45]] and a plot to stone someone [[Acts 14:5]] shows that opposition to God's word manifests in both shaming speech and physical violence.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5195}}` is a potent term that defines malicious and violent abuse directed at God's representatives. It is not a general term for hardship but specifically points to spiteful mistreatment intended to shame and harm. From Jesus’ own prophecies about his suffering to the experiences of the early apostles, **hybrízō** encapsulates the aggressive hostility that often meets the proclamation of the divine message.
TRV