The Greek word trygṓn, represented by G5167, refers to a turtle-dove. Its name is derived from a word meaning "to murmur," a reference to the bird's cooing sound. This term is highly specific, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire biblical text.
The single appearance of G5167 is found in Luke's account of the events following Jesus's birth. According to the law G3551 of the Lord G2962, a sacrifice G2378 was required. The text specifies this offering as "A pair G2201 of turtledoves, or two G1417 young pigeons" Luke 2:24. This places the word directly in the context of fulfilling a prescribed religious duty.
Several related words from its sole context illuminate its meaning:
- G2378 thysía (sacrifice): This defines the purpose for which the turtledove was offered. While Luke 2:24 describes a literal victim, the concept of sacrifice is used figuratively elsewhere to mean acts of worship, such as the "sacrifice of praise" Hebrews 13:15.
- G3551 nómos (law): This word establishes the regulation that required the offering of the turtledove. It points to the idea of prescriptive usage and divine principle, as seen when God promises to put his laws into the minds of his people Hebrews 8:10.
- G4058 peristerá (pigeon): Mentioned as the alternative offering in the same verse, a pigeon is closely associated with the turtledove. The term peristerá is also used in a symbolic capacity to describe the Holy Spirit descending like a dove Luke 3:22.
The theological significance of G5167 is tied entirely to its singular context of a prescribed offering.
- Fulfillment of the Law: The offering of a turtledove is a direct act of obedience to the law G3551 of the Lord, as explicitly stated in the passage Luke 2:24. It demonstrates adherence to established covenant requirements.
- Prescribed Sacrifice: The term is used to identify a specific victim for a sacrifice G2378. This highlights the concrete and literal nature of certain Old Testament offerings, which stand in contrast to the spiritual sacrifices, such as a holy life, called for in the New Testament Romans 12:1.
- A Specified Offering: The mention of "A pair G2201 of turtledoves" underscores the detailed nature of the Mosaic regulations and the importance of following the Lord's instructions for worship with precision.
In summary, trygṓn G5167 is a precise term for a turtle-dove whose biblical importance comes from its single use in Luke 2:24. It serves as a clear example of an animal designated for a specific sacrifice under the law. Though its usage is rare, it contributes to the broader scriptural themes of law, sacrifice, and obedience to God's commands.
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