### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term τοπάζιον (topázion, G5116) denotes a precious gemstone. While transliterated as "topaz," its ancient identification differs from the modern gem bearing that name. Based on historical and mineralogical understanding, the τοπάζιον of antiquity is generally identified with what is now known as chrysolite or peridot, a yellowish-green variety of olivine. The Strong's definition notes its "uncertain origin," suggesting it was likely a loanword into Greek, possibly from a Semitic or Egyptian source, reflecting the ancient trade in such valuable stones. Its semantic range is strictly limited to its literal meaning as a specific type of valuable gem, prized for its beauty and rarity.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term τοπάζιον (G5116) appears only once in the New Testament, within the apocalyptic vision of the New Jerusalem in the book of Revelation. In [[Revelation 21:20]], it is specified as the ninth of the twelve foundation stones of the holy city. Each of these foundations is adorned with a distinct precious stone, symbolizing the twelve apostles and, by extension, the church's foundation upon their testimony and the work of Christ. The inclusion of τοπάζιον alongside other magnificent gems such as jasper, sapphire, and emerald contributes to the overall imagery of the New Jerusalem as a place of unparalleled beauty, divine glory, and enduring perfection. Its presence underscores the preciousness and divine craftsmanship inherent in God's ultimate dwelling place with humanity. In the Old Testament, the Hebrew equivalent, `{{H2900}}` (piṭdāh), is frequently translated as "topaz" in the Septuagint and English versions. This stone is notably found on the high priest's breastplate ([[Exodus 28:17]], [[Exodus 39:10]]), among the treasures of Tyre ([[Ezekiel 28:13]]), and in the description of the Garden of Eden's river Pishon ([[Genesis 2:12]]), underscoring its ancient recognition and high value.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related word is its Hebrew counterpart, `{{H2900}}` (piṭdāh), which consistently refers to the same gemstone across the biblical canon, linking the Old and New Testament descriptions of sacred objects and divine realms. τοπάζιον is also intrinsically linked to other precious stones (`{{G2393}}` iaspis, `{{G4551}}` sappheiros, `{{G4665}}` smaragdos, etc.) that frequently appear together in biblical lists of valuable items or components of sacred structures. These groupings establish a broader conceptual category of "gems" or "jewels" that consistently symbolize:
* **Divine Glory and Splendor:** Reflecting the *kabod* (glory) of God.
* **Purity and Perfection:** Their unblemished nature often signifies holiness.
* **Value and Esteem:** Indicating something highly cherished by God.
* **Foundation and Security:** As seen in the foundations of the New Jerusalem, representing stability and permanence.
* **Representation:** The stones on the high priest's breastplate represented the tribes of Israel, and those in Revelation represent the apostles.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of τοπάζιον (G5116) is primarily derived from its singular, yet potent, appearance in [[Revelation 21:20]]. As one of the twelve foundation stones of the New Jerusalem, it participates in the profound symbolism of the eschatological city. Each foundation stone, bearing the name of an apostle, signifies the church's enduring foundation upon the apostolic witness to Christ. The τοπάζιον, along with the other gems, contributes to the overwhelming imagery of divine beauty, purity, and the radiant glory that characterizes God's eternal dwelling with humanity. It speaks to the intrinsic value and preciousness God places on His redeemed creation, where even the foundations are adorned with unparalleled splendor. Its connection to the Old Testament `{{H2900}}` (piṭdāh) on the high priest's breastplate further links it to themes of divine representation, the preciousness of God's chosen people, and the continuity of God's redemptive plan across covenants. Ultimately, the τοπάζιον serves as a tangible, albeit symbolic, element in portraying the magnificent and perfect reality of God's future kingdom, a place of ultimate peace, light, and communion.
### Summary
The Greek word τοπάζιον (G5116) designates a precious gemstone, likely the chrysolite or peridot of antiquity. Its sole New Testament appearance in [[Revelation 21:20]] establishes it as the ninth foundation stone of the New Jerusalem. This placement imbues it with significant theological meaning, symbolizing the beauty, value, and divine order of God's eternal city, built upon the foundation of the apostles. Its Old Testament counterpart, `{{H2900}}` (piṭdāh), reinforces its association with sacred objects like the high priest's breastplate, linking it to themes of divine glory, representation, and the preciousness of God's people. As part of the celestial city's foundations, τοπάζιον contributes to the overarching vision of God's glorious presence and the perfection of His redeemed creation.
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