The Greek word tartaróō, represented by G5020, means to incarcerate in eternal torment. It appears only 1 times in 1 unique verses in the entire Bible, making it a highly specific term. Derived from a word indicating "the deepest abyss of Hades," its singular usage denotes the act to "cast down to hell."
The sole application of G5020 is found in the context of divine judgment against celestial beings. In 2 Peter 2:4, the scripture states that God did not spare the angels who sinned, but instead cast them down to hell. This action is presented as part of a divine sentence, where the angels were delivered into "chains of darkness" to be held for a future judgment.
Several related words from its only biblical context help clarify its meaning:
- G264 hamartánō (to err, especially (morally) to sin): This is the action that provoked the judgment described by G5020, as seen in "the angels that sinned" 2 Peter 2:4.
- G32 ángelos (a messenger; especially an "angel"): This identifies the specific beings who were the subjects of this divine punishment 2 Peter 2:4.
- G4577 seirá (a chain (as binding or drawing)): This describes the method of confinement for those cast down, who were delivered into chains of darkness 2 Peter 2:4.
- G2217 zóphos (gloom (as shrouding like a cloud)): This word, translated as darkness, characterizes the nature of the confinement awaiting the final judgment 2 Peter 2:4.
- G5083 tēréō (to guard (from loss or injury...); by implication, to detain (in custody...); by extension, to withhold): This action shows the purpose of the confinement is "to be reserved unto judgment" 2 Peter 2:4.
The theological weight of G5020 is significant despite its single use, highlighting specific aspects of divine justice.
- Judgment on Angels: The word is used exclusively in reference to God's judgment upon angels G32 that sinned G264, demonstrating that even heavenly beings are not exempt from accountability.
- A Place of Holding: To be cast down with G5020 is to be incarcerated and bound in "chains of darkness" (G4577, G2217). This emphasizes a state of active, secure confinement rather than simple destruction.
- Reserved for Final Judgment: The act of being cast down is not the final punishment itself, but a prelude to it. The sinful angels are "reserved" G5083 for a future judgment G2920, as stated in 2 Peter 2:4.
In summary, G5020 is a precise and potent term for a specific divine act. Used only once in scripture, it describes God casting sinful angels into a place of confinement, a dark abyss where they are held in chains. Its appearance in 2 Peter 2:4 serves as a powerful example of divine judgment, illustrating that accountability extends to all creation and that a final, decisive judgment G2920 awaits those who sin.
TRV