### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **sōma**, represented by `{{G4983}}`, refers to **the body**. The base definition describes it as "the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively." It appears **146 times** across **122 unique verses**, indicating its significance in scripture. The term encompasses the literal human form as well as figurative concepts, most notably the church.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its literal sense, `{{G4983}}` refers to the physical human vessel. It is distinct from the soul `{{G5590}}`, as seen in the warning to fear God who can destroy both **body** and soul in hell `{{G1067}}` [[Matthew 10:28]]. Believers are called to present their **bodies** as a "living sacrifice" [[Romans 12:1]] and recognize that their **body** is the "temple of the Holy Ghost" [[1 Corinthians 6:19]]. Figuratively, `{{G4983}}` is used to describe the church, of which Christ is the "head of the **body**" [[Colossians 1:18]]. This metaphor emphasizes the unity of believers, who are "called in one **body**" [[Colossians 3:15]]. The term also refers specifically to the physical **body** of Christ, which was prepared by God [[Hebrews 10:5]] and offered for our sins [[1 Peter 2:24]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a deeper understanding of the concept of the body:
* `{{G4561}}` **sárx** (flesh): This term often refers to human nature with its frailties. It is used in connection with the body, such as in "the **body** of his flesh through death" [[Colossians 1:22]] and the "putting off the **body** of the sins of the flesh" [[Colossians 2:11]].
* `{{G5590}}` **psychḗ** (soul): As the non-physical, sentient part of a person, this word is frequently contrasted with the physical **body**. Scripture distinguishes between what can kill the **body** and what can kill the soul [[Matthew 10:28]], and calls for the preservation of spirit, soul, and **body** [[1 Thessalonians 5:23]].
* `{{G3196}}` **mélos** (member): This word defines a limb or part of the body. It is used to illustrate the interconnectedness of believers within the church, where one **body** has many members [[Romans 12:4]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4983}}` is significant, touching on core doctrines of Christian life and belief.
* **The Body as a Holy Vessel:** The believer's **body** is not merely a physical shell but the sacred dwelling place of the Holy Spirit [[1 Corinthians 6:19]]. It is to be presented to God as a "living sacrifice" [[Romans 12:1]] and kept from sins like fornication `{{G4202}}` [[1 Corinthians 6:18]].
* **The Corporate Body of Christ:** The term is central to the doctrine of the church. Christ is the Head, and the church is His **body** ([[Ephesians 1:23]], [[Colossians 1:18]]), which is edified and built up through the functioning of its various parts [[Ephesians 4:16]].
* **Redemption and Resurrection:** Scripture speaks of the "redemption of our **body**" [[Romans 8:23]]. Christ's sacrifice in his own **body** sanctifies believers [[Hebrews 10:10]]. The mortal **body** that is subject to death will one day be quickened [[Romans 8:11]] and transformed to be like Christ's "glorious **body**" [[Philippians 3:21]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4983}}` is a foundational word in the New Testament. It moves beyond a simple anatomical reference to convey profound theological truths. It defines the believer's physical existence as a vessel for holy service and the collective identity of the church as the living, unified organism of which Christ is the Head. The concept of the **body** links the believer's personal sanctification with their corporate life and ultimate hope in the resurrection.
TRV