The Greek word symmerízomai, represented by G4829, means to share jointly, i.e. participate in. This word is highly specific, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse within the biblical text. Its meaning is derived from its components, which signify sharing a portion together with others.
The single use of G4829 is found in a discussion about the rights of those in ministry. The text asks, "Do ye not know that they which minister about holy things live of the things of the temple? and they which wait at the altar are partakers with the altar?" 1 Corinthians 9:13. Here, the word establishes the principle that those who dedicate themselves to service at the altar G2379 are entitled to share in the provisions brought to it. Their participation in the altar's sacred function is directly linked to their right to be sustained by it.
Several related words from its sole context help illuminate the setting of its meaning:
- G2038 ergázomai: This word for "minister about" or "work" means to toil (as a task, occupation, etc.), (by implication) effect, be engaged in or with, etc. It frames the service at the altar as a form of dedicated labor John 9:4.
- G2411 hierón: As a sacred place, i.e. the entire precincts of the Temple, this word defines the location of the service. It was the center of worship where people would gather Acts 2:46.
- G2379 thysiastḗrion: Defined as a place of sacrifice, i.e. an altar, this is the specific focus of the ministry. It is the place where gifts are brought and offerings are made Matthew 5:23.
- G4332 prosedreúō: Meaning to sit near, i.e. attend as a servant, this term for "wait at" emphasizes the constant and attentive nature of the service performed at the altar 1 Corinthians 9:13.
The theological significance of G4829, while based on one verse, is foundational for the principle of ministerial support.
- Shared Sustenance: The word establishes that those who "minister about holy things" (G2038, G2413) have a right to "live of the things of the temple" (G2068, G2411). Their spiritual labor entitles them to physical provision.
- A Joint Participation: Being a "partaker with the altar" G4829 is more than just receiving payment. It implies a symbiotic relationship where the minister shares in the very life and purpose of the altar they serve.
- Principle of Reciprocity: The concept illustrates a divine economy where dedicating one's work to God's service is met with provision from the resources consecrated for that purpose.
In summary, G4829 symmerízomai provides a concise and powerful theological concept in its single appearance. It defines the relationship between the worker and their work in a sacred context, establishing that those who minister at the altar rightfully "share jointly" in the altar's provisions. The word encapsulates the principle that spiritual service warrants material support as a form of direct participation in the sacred economy of worship.
TRV