The Greek word synchráomai, represented by G4798, is defined as to use jointly or, by implication, to hold intercourse in common. It is formed from the words σύν and χράομαι. It appears 2 times across 1 unique verse in the Bible, signifying a highly specific and context-driven meaning related to social interaction.
The sole use of G4798 is in John 4:9, where the Samaritan woman expresses her surprise at Jesus's request for a drink. She asks, "How is it that thou, being a Jew, askest drink of me, which am a woman of Samaria?" The verse immediately provides the reason for her shock, stating, "for the Jews have no dealings with the Samaritans." Here, G4798 defines the established social and religious custom of separation between these two groups, making Jesus's simple request a significant breach of cultural norms.
Several related words from its context help to clarify the social dynamics at play:
- G2453 Ioudaîos (Jew): This term identifies one of the groups in the separation. The statement in John 4:9 is a commentary on the expected behavior of a Jew toward a Samaritan, a division that is ultimately abolished in Christ Galatians 3:28.
- G4541 Samareítēs (Samaritan): This identifies the other group, considered outside the accepted social circle of the Jews. Jesus's interaction with the woman of Samaria and other Samaritans demonstrates a ministry that transcends these man-made barriers (Luke 10:33, John 4:40).
- G3756 ou (no or not): This is the absolute negative particle used to form the phrase "have no dealings." Its presence is critical, as it turns G4798 into a statement of prohibition, defining the relationship between Jews and Samaritans by a complete lack of common interaction.
The theological weight of G4798 is derived entirely from its pointed usage in this single narrative.
- Defining Social and Religious Barriers: The word is used to explicitly name the wall of separation that existed between Jews and Samaritans. It gives a specific term to the social alienation that was a fact of life in that culture.
- Highlighting Christ's Counter-Cultural Ministry: Jesus's action of speaking to the Samaritan woman and asking to share a drink with her directly defies the rule of having "no dealings." The use of G4798 establishes the very boundary that Jesus is shown crossing.
- Setting the Stage for Reconciliation: The statement that Jews have "no dealings" with Samaritans creates the backdrop for Jesus's message of a new spiritual reality where such divisions are irrelevant. This breaking of social custom is the entry point for his offer of "living water" John 4:10 and the truth that salvation is for all people Galatians 3:28.
In summary, G4798 provides a concise and powerful label for social and religious interaction. Though used only once, its appearance in John 4:9 is pivotal. It defines the cultural prohibition that makes Jesus's encounter at the well so radical. By being used in the negative—"no dealings"—the word serves to underscore the deep-seated division that Jesus came to dismantle, illustrating that His ministry was intended to create a new community not defined by human distinctions.
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