Word Study for G4797 (συγχέω)

synchéō /soong-khoo'-no/ Ask about this word

Rootfrom σύν and (to pour) or its alternate

Meaningto commingle promiscuously, i.e. (figuratively) to throw (an assembly) into disorder, to perplex (the mind)

KJV usageconfound, confuse, stir up, be in an uproar.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of synchéō — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word synchéō, represented by G4797, describes a state of disorder and confusion. Derived from roots meaning "to pour together," it is used figuratively to mean throwing an assembly into disorder or perplexing the mind. It appears 5 times in 5 unique verses, where it is translated as confound, confuse, stir up, or be in an uproar.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In the book of Acts, G4797 is used to describe both mental and social turmoil. On the day of Pentecost, the multitude was confounded when they heard the apostles speaking in various languages Acts 2:6. Similarly, Saul confounded the Jews in Damascus by powerfully proving that Jesus is the Christ Acts 9:22. The word also depicts civic chaos, such as when Jews from Asia stirred up a crowd against Paul in the temple Acts 21:27, leading to the report that all of Jerusalem was in an uproar Acts 21:31. In Ephesus, a gathering descended into chaos where the assembly was confused, and most did not know why they had assembled Acts 19:32.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help illustrate the context of the confusion and uproar described by G4797:

G1577 ekklēsía (assembly, church): This word identifies the group that is thrown into disorder. In Ephesus, the assembly itself was confused G4797, highlighting the collective nature of the chaos Acts 19:32.
G2896 krázō (to cry out): This describes the audible result of the confusion. When the assembly in Ephesus was confused G4797, the people cried out different things, demonstrating the lack of unity and order Acts 19:32.
G4822 symbibázō (to prove, knit together): This term can be the cause of the confounding. Saul confounded G4797 the Jews in Damascus by proving G4822 the truth about Christ, showing that a compelling argument can lead to mental perplexity for those who oppose it Acts 9:22.

Theological Significance

The theological significance of G4797 is seen in how it characterizes the world's reaction to divine truth.

Reaction to Miraculous Power: The supernatural work of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost did not lead to immediate clarity for all, but first confounded the multitude, showing how God's power can perplex the human mind Acts 2:6.
Response to the Gospel: The proclamation of the gospel is often the direct cause of the uproar. Saul, newly strengthened G1743, immediately used his strength to confound G4797 his opponents with the truth Acts 9:22.
Catalyst for Persecution: The confusion described by G4797 often escalates into violent opposition. An uproar stirred up by Paul's enemies led them to lay hands on him Acts 21:27 and attempt to kill G615 him Acts 21:31.

Summary

In summary, G4797 is a dynamic word that captures the disruptive impact of the gospel on the established order. Whether describing the mental perplexity of individuals confronted with undeniable truth or the chaotic uproar of a crowd hostile to the message, synchéō consistently illustrates the turmoil that follows the proclamation of Christ in a resistant world. It signifies a "pouring together" of arguments, people, and emotions that results in widespread confusion and conflict.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Greek New Testament, this word appears as a verb across 5 occurrences, inflected in 5 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form.

Aorist Passive Indicative 3rd Singular 1×
Imperfect Active Indicative 3rd Plural 1×
Imperfect Active Indicative 3rd Singular 1×
Perfect Passive Participle Nominative Singular Feminine 1×
Present Passive Indicative 3rd Singular 1×

Nominative: The subject of the verb.
Singular: One.
Plural: More than one.
Feminine: Feminine grammatical gender.
3rd: Third person — the one spoken about ("he"/"they").
Present: Action in progress or repeated — happening now or continually.
Imperfect: Ongoing or repeated action in the past — "was doing".
Aorist: Action viewed as a single whole — usually a simple past event.
Perfect: A completed act whose results continue.
Active: The subject performs the action.
Passive: The subject is acted upon.
Indicative: A plain statement of fact.
Participle: A verbal adjective — describes while carrying the verb's action.

Related Words

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

5 verses, all in Acts — and none of the other 26 New Testament books.

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.