### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **syngenḗs**, represented by `{{G4773}}`, refers to a **relative** or **kinsman**. It appears **12 times** across **12 unique verses**. Based on its components σύν (from) and γένος (from), it denotes a person related by blood, and by extension, a fellow countryman.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G4773}}` is used to describe both immediate and extended family ties. It identifies the relationship between Elisabeth and Mary as **cousin** [[Luke 1:36]] and is used when Jesus's parents searched for him among their **kinsfolk** [[Luke 2:44]]. The term also extends to national identity, as when Paul refers to his fellow Israelites as his **kinsmen** according to the flesh [[Romans 9:3]]. The word is also used in cautionary contexts, such as when Jesus notes a prophet is without honor among his own **kin** [[Mark 6:4]] and warns that believers will be betrayed by their **kinsfolks** [[Luke 21:16]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the scope of relationships in contrast to `{{G4773}}`:
* `{{G80}}` **adelphós** (a brother): Defines a direct familial relationship, often used alongside kinsmen to describe the full circle of one's relations ([[Luke 14:12]], [[Romans 9:3]]).
* `{{G1118}}` **goneús** (a parent): This term specifies the direct relationship of a parent, from whom kinship originates [[Luke 21:16]].
* `{{G5384}}` **phílos** (a friend): This word denotes a relationship based on affection rather than blood, and is often listed separately from **kinsmen** [[Luke 14:12]].
* `{{G4561}}` **sárx** (flesh): Used to specify earthly, human relationship, as when Paul describes his fellow Israelites as his kinsmen "according to the **flesh**" [[Romans 9:3]].
### Theological Significance
The use of `{{G4773}}` carries significant theological weight regarding relationships and identity in the New Covenant.
* **Reordering Social Bonds:** Jesus challenges the cultural priority given to **kinsmen**, teaching that invitations should not be based on reciprocal social gain but on grace extended to the needy [[Luke 14:12]]. This redefines community around Kingdom values, not just bloodlines.
* **Kinship and the Cost of Faith:** Following Jesus can create division within natural family structures. A prophet can be without honor among his own **kin** [[Mark 6:4]], and believers may face betrayal from their closest **kinsfolks** [[Luke 21:16]].
* **National and Spiritual Identity:** Paul uses the term to express his deep connection and sorrow for his fellow Israelites, his **kinsmen** according to the flesh [[Romans 9:3]]. He also applies it to his fellow believers like Andronicus, Junia, and Herodion, highlighting a shared identity that can be both ethnic and spiritual ([[Romans 16:7]], [[Romans 16:11]]).
### Summary
In summary, **syngenḗs** `{{G4773}}` is more than just a label for a relative. It establishes a baseline for human relationships—by blood and nationality—which the New Testament then challenges and redefines. The word is used to show how faith in Christ creates new loyalties that may conflict with natural kinship, and also forges a new, spiritual family among believers who share a common bond as fellow workers and even fellow prisoners in the faith.
TRV