probably strengthened from the base of ἵστημι; properly, to set fast ("stall"), i.e. (figuratively) to repress (reflexively, abstain from associating with):--avoid, withdraw self.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek lemma στέλλω (stéllō, `{{G4724}}`) carries a foundational meaning derived from its probable connection to the base of ἵστημι (hístēmi, `{{G2476}}`), which signifies "to stand," "to set," or "to place." This etymological root suggests an initial sense of fixing, establishing, or causing something to stand firm.
Properly, therefore, στέλλω means "to set fast" or "to stall," implying a deliberate act of bringing something to a halt, restraining it, or holding it back. From this literal sense, the word develops a significant figurative semantic range in the New Testament. It denotes a conscious and intentional act of "repressing," "restraining," or, reflexively, "abstaining from associating with." The primary English glosses provided—"avoid" and "withdraw self"—accurately capture this nuanced application, highlighting a purposeful separation or disengagement. The emphasis is on a decisive, rather than accidental, cessation of connection or movement.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term στέλλω (stéllō, `{{G4724}}`) appears in two distinct contexts within the New Testament, each revealing a specific application of its core meaning:
1. **2 Thessalonians 3:6**: "Now we command you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to *keep away* from every brother who is idle and not living according to the tradition that you received from us." Here, the verb is used in the middle voice (στέλλεσθαι), indicating a reflexive action: "to withdraw yourselves" or "to keep yourselves apart." The context is one of church discipline. Paul issues a direct, authoritative command to the Thessalonian believers to disassociate from those within the community who are living disorderly lives (ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος), specifically those who are idle and not adhering to the apostolic teaching (παράδοσιν). This is not merely a suggestion but a divine imperative, aimed at both correcting the errant individual and protecting the integrity of the Christian community. The withdrawal is intended to be a severe but loving measure, signaling disapproval of the conduct and urging repentance.
2. **2 Corinthians 8:20**: "We *want to avoid* any criticism of the way we are handling this large sum." In this passage, στέλλω (stéllō, `{{G4724}}`) is again in the middle voice (στελλόμενοι), translated as "avoiding" or "taking precautions." The context here is the meticulous handling of the collection for the saints in Jerusalem. Paul and his companions are taking every possible measure to ensure transparency and prevent any accusation or suspicion regarding their financial stewardship. The act of "avoiding" is proactive and preventative, demonstrating a commitment to integrity and a desire to maintain an unblemished reputation in the eyes of both believers and unbelievers. It speaks to the importance of not only being righteous but also appearing righteous, especially in matters of trust and accountability.
In both instances, the verb conveys a deliberate and intentional act of separation or prevention. In 2 Thessalonians, it is a disciplinary withdrawal from a person; in 2 Corinthians, it is a prudent avoidance of potential reproach.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of στέλλω (stéllō, `{{G4724}}`) intersects with several related Greek words and theological concepts:
* **ἵστημι (hístēmi, `{{G2476}}`)**: The root from which στέλλω is likely derived, meaning "to stand," "to set," or "to cause to stand." This connection underscores the idea of a firm, deliberate stance or cessation of movement inherent in στέλλω.
* **ἀποστρέφω (apostréphō, `{{G654}}`)**: "To turn away," "to avert." While similar in outcome (separation), ἀποστρέφω often implies a turning *from* something, whereas στέλλω emphasizes a deliberate act of *withdrawing* or *holding back*.
* **χωρίζω (chōrízō, `{{G5563}}`)**: "To separate," "to divide." This term often denotes a physical or relational separation, similar to the effect of στέλλω, but without the specific nuance of "restraint" or "avoidance" intrinsic to στέλλω.
* **κωλύω (kōlýō, `{{G2967}}`)**: "To hinder," "to prevent." This word shares the preventative aspect seen in 2 Corinthians 8:20, but it focuses more on obstructing an action rather than withdrawing oneself.
* **κοινωνία (koinōnía, `{{G2842}}`)**: "Fellowship," "participation." This concept stands in contrast to the disciplinary application of στέλλω in 2 Thessalonians 3:6, where the withdrawal signifies a temporary cessation of full fellowship due to ungodly conduct.
* **ἀτακτέω (ataktéō, `{{G813}}`)** / **ἀτάκτως (ataktōs, `{{G814}}`)**: "To be disorderly," "disorderly." These terms directly relate to the behavior that necessitates the "withdrawal" commanded in 2 Thessalonians, highlighting the specific context for disciplinary action.
The concepts of church discipline, holiness, integrity, and accountability are intrinsically linked to the function of στέλλω, as it provides a linguistic basis for understanding the necessary boundaries and protective measures within the Christian community.
### Theological Significance
The usage of στέλλω (stéllō, `{{G4724}}`) carries profound theological implications for the life and witness of the church:
1. **The Holiness of the Church**: The command to "withdraw" in 2 Thessalonians 3:6 underscores the divine imperative for the church to maintain its holiness and purity. God is holy, and He calls His people to be holy (cf. [[1 Peter 1:15-16]]). Unrepentant, disorderly conduct within the community compromises its witness and can corrupt its spiritual health. The act of withdrawal is a severe but necessary measure to protect the integrity of the body of Christ and to reflect God's own character.
2. **The Nature of Church Discipline**: This word highlights the reality and necessity of church discipline. It is not merely social ostracism but a spiritual act rooted in apostolic authority, designed to bring about repentance in the erring individual and to safeguard the community from the leaven of sin (cf. [[1 Corinthians 5:6-7]]). It is an expression of tough love, intended for restoration, not merely punishment.
3. **Integrity and Blamelessness in Ministry**: The use of στέλλω in 2 Corinthians 8:20 speaks powerfully to the call for integrity, transparency, and blamelessness in Christian ministry, especially concerning financial matters. Leaders and those entrusted with resources are not only to act with righteousness but also to take proactive measures to "avoid" any appearance of impropriety. This demonstrates a deep concern for the reputation of the gospel and a commitment to removing any potential stumbling blocks that might hinder its reception.
4. **Prudence and Wisdom**: The preventative aspect of στέλλω in 2 Corinthians illustrates the importance of spiritual wisdom and prudence. Believers are called to exercise foresight, anticipating potential areas of temptation or accusation, and taking deliberate steps to circumvent them. This proactive approach to righteousness goes beyond merely reacting to sin and instead seeks to prevent its very possibility.
5. **Boundaries of Fellowship**: While Christian fellowship (κοινωνία, `{{G2842}}`) is a precious gift and a central aspect of church life, στέλλω reveals that it is not without boundaries. Fellowship is predicated on shared faith and a commitment to living in accordance with Christ's teachings. When these foundational commitments are violated through persistent, unrepentant disorder, the church is commanded to establish a temporary boundary, signaling the seriousness of the sin and the need for repentance.
### Summary
The Greek word στέλλω (stéllō, `{{G4724}}`), rooted in the idea of "setting fast" or "stalling," denotes a deliberate and intentional act of restraint, withdrawal, or avoidance. In the New Testament, its usage is twofold: first, as a command for disciplinary "withdrawal" from disorderly and unrepentant believers within the church, as seen in [[2 Thessalonians 3:6]]. This application underscores the church's commitment to holiness, the necessity of church discipline, and the boundaries of Christian fellowship. Second, it signifies a proactive "avoidance" of potential reproach or scandal, particularly in matters of financial stewardship, as exemplified in [[2 Corinthians 8:20]]. This usage highlights the crucial importance of integrity, transparency, and spiritual prudence in ministry, ensuring the blameless witness of the gospel. In both contexts, στέλλω signifies a principled, conscious separation or prevention, undertaken for the sake of divine truth, the purity of the community, and the unblemished reputation of Christ.
TRV