### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek proper noun Σίμων (Símōn), Strong's number `{{G4613}}`, is a transliteration of the Hebrew name שִׁמְעוֹן (Shimon), Strong's number `{{H8095}}`. The Hebrew root from which Shimon derives is שָׁמַע (shama'), meaning "to hear" or "to listen." Thus, the name inherently conveys the meaning "he has heard" or "one who hears." In the New Testament, Σίμων functions exclusively as a proper noun, identifying specific individuals. Its semantic range is therefore limited to personal identification rather than conveying a descriptive quality, though its etymological root carries significant theological weight.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The name Σίμων (Símōn) appears frequently in the New Testament, identifying at least nine distinct individuals, reflecting its commonality in the Jewish world of the first century. The most prominent bearer of this name is **Simon Peter**, originally known as Simon, son of John (or Jonah). He is consistently listed first among the apostles and is central to the Gospel narratives and the early chapters of Acts. Examples include his call by Jesus [[Matthew 4:18]], his confession of Christ [[Matthew 16:16]], his denial [[Matthew 26:69-75]], and his post-resurrection restoration [[John 21:15-19]]. His transformation from Simon to Peter (Cephas) signifies a divinely appointed change in identity and purpose.
Other notable individuals named Simon include:
* **Simon the Zealot**: One of the twelve apostles [[Luke 6:15]], [[Acts 1:13]].
* **Simon, the brother of Jesus**: Mentioned in the genealogies and among Jesus' family [[Matthew 13:55]], [[Mark 6:3]].
* **Simon the Leper**: The host in Bethany where Mary anointed Jesus' feet [[Matthew 26:6]], [[Mark 14:3]].
* **Simon of Cyrene**: Compelled to carry Jesus' cross to Golgotha [[Matthew 27:32]], [[Mark 15:21]], [[Luke 23:26]].
* **Simon Magus**: A sorcerer in Samaria who attempted to buy the power of the Holy Spirit from Peter and John [[Acts 8:9-24]]. He serves as a cautionary example of false conversion.
* **Simon, a Pharisee**: The host who questioned Jesus' acceptance of a sinful woman who anointed His feet [[Luke 7:40]].
* **Simon the Tanner**: Peter's host in Joppa, whose house was by the sea, a detail significant for a Jew due to ritual purity laws concerning animal hides [[Acts 9:43]], [[Acts 10:6]].
The diverse contexts in which these individuals appear highlight the pervasive nature of the name and the varied interactions people named Simon had with Jesus and the early Church.
### Related Words & Concepts
The most direct linguistic relation to Σίμων (Símōn) is its Hebrew progenitor, שִׁמְעוֹן (Shimon, `{{H8095}}`). In the New Testament, the Greek transliteration Συμεών (Symeōn, `{{G4826}}`) is also used, particularly for Old Testament figures like Jacob's son Simeon or for the prophet Simeon in [[Luke 2:25]]. While technically distinct transliterations, they share the same Hebrew etymological root and meaning.
For Simon Peter, the names given to him by Jesus are crucial: Πέτρος (Petros, `{{G4074}}`), meaning "rock," and its Aramaic equivalent Κηφᾶς (Kēphas, `{{G2786}}`). These names signify a new identity and role distinct from his original name.
Conceptually, the root meaning of "to hear" (שָׁמַע - shama') connects Σίμων to the broader biblical theme of hearing God's voice, obeying His commands, and the importance of attentive listening in faith. While the name itself doesn't explicitly denote these actions, its etymology provides a rich backdrop for understanding the call to discipleship and the nature of revelation.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of Σίμων (Símōn) primarily resides in the person of Simon Peter. His journey from Simon, the "one who hears," to Peter, the "rock," encapsulates a profound theological truth: God's transformative power in calling and equipping individuals for His purposes. This transformation is not merely a change of name but a redefinition of identity and destiny, illustrating God's sovereign grace and the potential for human brokenness to be remade into divine strength. Simon Peter's initial impetuousness and later denial highlight human frailty, yet his ultimate restoration and leadership role underscore God's unwavering faithfulness and ability to use imperfect vessels.
The presence of multiple Simons also illustrates the diverse responses to Christ's ministry. From devoted apostles and supportive individuals (Simon of Cyrene, Simon the Tanner) to those with mixed motives (Simon Magus) or critical stances (Simon the Pharisee), the various Simons provide a microcosm of humanity's encounter with the divine. This diversity underscores that while the name's root speaks of "hearing," the *quality* of that hearing and subsequent response is paramount. The narrative of Simon Magus, in particular, serves as a stark warning against superficial faith and the desire for power without true repentance or understanding of spiritual realities.
### Summary
Σίμων (Símōn, `{{G4613}}`) is a prominent Greek proper noun in the New Testament, derived from the Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן (Shimon, `{{H8095}}`), meaning "he has heard." While it identifies numerous individuals, its most profound theological significance is found in Simon Peter, whose transformation from "Simon" to "Peter" (the Rock) illustrates God's transformative power and calling. The various Simons in the biblical narrative collectively represent the wide spectrum of human responses to Jesus Christ, from faithful discipleship and selfless service to misguided ambition and critical skepticism. The name's etymological root subtly reinforces the biblical emphasis on the act of hearing and responding to God's word, a foundational aspect of faith and obedience.
TRV