### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **Rhoûphos**, represented by `{{G4504}}`, is of Latin origin and identifies a Christian named **Rufus**, meaning "red." It appears **2 times** across **2 unique verses** in the Bible, referring to a specific individual known within the early church.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G4504}}` is first mentioned in the account of the crucifixion. As Jesus is led away, Simon of Cyrene, who was **coming** `{{G2064}}` from the **country** `{{G68}}`, is **compelled** `{{G29}}` to **bear** `{{G142}}` the **cross** `{{G4716}}`. The text identifies this Simon as "the **father** `{{G3962}}` of Alexander and **Rufus**" [[Mark 15:21]]. Later, in the epistle to the Romans, the Apostle Paul sends a specific greeting: "**Salute** `{{G782}}` **Rufus** `{{G4504}}` **chosen** `{{G1588}}` in the **Lord** `{{G2962}}`, and his **mother** `{{G3384}}` and mine" [[Romans 16:13]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide context for the identity of `{{G4504}}`:
* `{{G1588}}` **eklektós**: This word means **select**; by implication, **favorite**. It is used to describe Rufus as **chosen** in the Lord, highlighting his esteemed status among the believers in Rome [[Romans 16:13]].
* `{{G3962}}` **patḗr**: As the word for **father**, it is used to establish Rufus's lineage, identifying him as the son of Simon, the man who carried the cross [[Mark 15:21]].
* `{{G29}}` **angareúō**: This term means to **press into public service**. It describes how Rufus's father was **compelled** by the soldiers to bear Jesus's cross [[Mark 15:21]].
* `{{G3384}}` **mḗtēr**: This word for **mother** is used in Paul's greeting, which he extends not only to Rufus but also to his mother, whom Paul also claims as his own [[Romans 16:13]].
### Theological Significance
The brief mentions of `{{G4504}}` carry significant theological weight.
* **Connection to the Cross:** Rufus is directly linked to the historical passion of Christ through his **father** `{{G3962}}`, Simon, who was forced to **bear** `{{G142}}` the **cross** `{{G4716}}`. This familial connection to a pivotal moment in salvation history would have given him a unique place in the early church [[Mark 15:21]].
* **Identity as the Elect:** Paul's description of Rufus as **chosen** `{{G1588}}` in the **Lord** `{{G2962}}` affirms his standing as one of God's elect. This points to the doctrine of God's sovereign selection of His people for a relationship with Him [[Romans 16:13]].
* **The Nature of Christian Family:** The greeting to Rufus and his **mother** `{{G3384}}`, whom Paul calls "mine" as well, illustrates the deep, familial love that characterized the early Christian community, transcending biological ties [[Romans 16:13]].
### Summary
In summary, **Rhoûphos** `{{G4504}}` is more than just a name on a list. Though mentioned only twice, he bridges the gap between the historical events of the crucifixion and the personal life of the church in Rome. His identity is first established by his father's role at the cross and later affirmed by his own standing as a **chosen** member of the body of Christ, whose family was dear to the Apostle Paul.
TRV