The Greek word ptérna, represented by G4418, refers to the heel. It is described as being used figuratively. This word appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible, making its singular appearance highly significant.
The sole use of G4418 is found in a statement by Jesus in John 13:18. The event is presented so "that G2443 the scripture G1124 may be fulfilled G4137." Jesus describes a close associate turning against him with the words, "He that eateth G5176 bread G740 with G3326 me G1700 hath lifted up G1869 his G846 heel G4418 against G1909 me G1691" John 13:18. Jesus speaks this after stating, "I G1473 know G1492 whom G3739 I have chosen G1586" John 13:18.
Several related words provide context for the action associated with ptérna:
- G1869 epaírō (to raise up (literally or figuratively)): This is the direct action taken with the heel. This verb can also describe something that "exalteth itself G1869 against G2596 the knowledge G1108 of God G2316" 2 Corinthians 10:5.
- G5176 trṓgō (to gnaw or chew, i.e. (generally) to eat): This word establishes the context of close fellowship that is violated. The one who lifts his heel is described as one who "eateth G5176 bread G740 with G3326 me G1700" John 13:18.
- G1124 graphḗ (a document, i.e. holy Writ (or its contents or a statement in it)): The use of heel is explicitly tied to fulfilling prophecy. This same concept is seen when scripture G1124 must be fulfilled concerning Judas Acts 1:16.
The theological weight of G4418 is understood through its singular context:
- Betrayal from Fellowship: The lifting of the heel G4418 is committed by someone who "eateth G5176 bread G740" with Jesus John 13:18. Sharing a meal was a sign of trust, making this act a profound picture of turning against a companion.
- Prophetic Fulfillment: The action is stated to occur so "that G2443 the scripture G1124 may be fulfilled G4137" John 13:18. This places the personal act of opposition within the context of God's foreknowledge as recorded in holy Writ.
- Direct Opposition: The act is directed "against G1909 me G1691," signifying a deliberate move against Jesus. The verb used, epaírō G1869, is elsewhere associated with exalting oneself against God, highlighting the gravity of the opposition 2 Corinthians 10:5.
In summary, ptérna G4418, though appearing only once, carries significant figurative weight. It symbolizes an act of opposition from a position of trusted fellowship. Its context in John 13:18 firmly links this event to the fulfillment of scripture G1124, demonstrating that this action against Jesus was part of a foreseen plan. The lifting of the heel is thus a powerful biblical picture of turning against one with whom bread was shared.
TRV