### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **prosōpolēptéō**, represented by `{{G4380}}`, is a specific term meaning **to favor an individual or show partiality**. Its definition is derived from προσωπολήπτης, and it is most commonly translated as to "have respect to persons." This word is exceptionally rare, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible, yet its singular use carries significant theological weight.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{G4380}}` is in the book of James. The verse states that if you **have respect to persons**, you commit sin and are convicted by the law as transgressors [[James 2:9]]. In this context, the act of showing partiality is not treated as a minor social faux pas but is directly equated with sin and a violation of the law. It establishes a clear and serious prohibition against favoritism.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words in its only context clarify the gravity of showing partiality:
* `{{G266}}` **hamartía** (a sin): This word defines the direct consequence of the action. To have respect to persons is to commit **sin** [[James 2:9]], placing it in the same category as other moral offenses for which the wages are death [[Romans 6:23]].
* `{{G3551}}` **nómos** (law): This is the standard against which partiality is judged. By showing favoritism, a person is convinced by the **law** as a violator [[James 2:9]]. The law serves as a principle that reveals this transgression, similar to the law of sin and death mentioned in [[Romans 8:2]].
* `{{G3848}}` **parabátēs** (a violator): This is the identity one assumes when practicing partiality. The act makes someone a **transgressor** of the law [[James 2:9]]. This status is also applied to someone who, for example, commits murder even while refraining from adultery, thereby breaking the whole law [[James 2:11]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4380}}` is concentrated in its single, powerful usage.
* **Partiality is Sin:** The primary point is the explicit equation of showing favoritism with committing **sin** `{{G266}}`. It is not merely an unwise or unkind action but a spiritual offense [[James 2:9]].
* **A Breach of Law:** The act of partiality constitutes a transgression against the **law** `{{G3551}}`. This links a specific social behavior directly to the violation of a divine standard, making the person a **transgressor** `{{G3848}}`.
* **Conviction by a Standard:** The law is presented as the agent that **convinces** `{{G1651}}`, or rebukes, the one who shows partiality. This underscores the law's function in exposing and admonishing sin [[James 2:9]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4380}}` is a highly specific term whose importance far outweighs its frequency. Though used only once, **prosōpolēptéō** serves as a potent theological anchor in scripture, defining the act of showing partiality as a direct sin and a violation of the law. Its context in [[James 2:9]] leaves no ambiguity, presenting a clear command against favoritism and framing it as an action that makes one a transgressor in the eyes of God.
TRV