The Greek word proskolláō, represented by G4347, is defined as "to glue to, i.e. (figuratively) to adhere." It is formed from the words πρός and κολλάω. This term for cleaving or joining oneself to another appears 4 times across 4 unique verses in the Bible, illustrating a powerful concept of union and allegiance.
In its biblical usage, G4347 most frequently describes the foundational bond of marriage. In three parallel accounts, the term is used to explain that a man shall leave his father and mother and cleave or be joined to his wife, with the two becoming one flesh (Matthew 19:5, Mark 10:7, Ephesians 5:31). A different application is found in the book of Acts, where the word describes a group of about four hundred men who joined themselves to the rebellious figure Theudas, showing an allegiance to a leader and a cause Acts 5:36.
Several related words help clarify the meaning of G4347 by providing context and contrast:
- G2641 kataleípō (to leave down, i.e. behind; by implication, to abandon): This word is used in direct opposition to G4347 in the context of marriage. A man must leave his parents in order to cleave to his wife, highlighting a transfer of primary loyalty Matthew 19:5.
- G1135 gynḗ (a woman; specially, a wife): This is the object of the action in the primary context for G4347. The act of cleaving is directed toward a man's wife, establishing a new, primary familial unit Ephesians 5:31.
- G1262 dialýō (to dissolve utterly): This word describes the outcome for those who joined Theudas. After he was slain, his followers were scattered, demonstrating the dissolution of a bond that was not permanent Acts 5:36.
The conceptual significance of G4347 is centered on the idea of a powerful, life-altering bond.
- The Marriage Covenant: The term is used to define the nature of marriage as a permanent union. For a man to cleave to his wife is to be "glued" to her, forming an inseparable bond that supersedes even the relationship with his parents Mark 10:7.
- Voluntary Allegiance: The word also illustrates the concept of choosing one's allegiance. In Acts, men voluntarily joined themselves to Theudas, following him because they obeyed him Acts 5:36. This highlights an adherence based on persuasion and belief.
- Permanence vs. Transience: The different contexts reveal a contrast between permanent and transient unions. The marital cleaving is presented as a "one flesh" bond intended for life, while the political joining to Theudas proved temporary and was ultimately brought to nought Acts 5:36.
In summary, G4347 is a potent term signifying a deep and binding adherence. While it appears infrequently, its use is significant. It primarily defines the sacred and permanent bond of marriage, where leaving one's former life is a prerequisite for being "glued" to a spouse Ephesians 5:31. Secondarily, it describes the act of joining a movement or leader, illustrating a commitment that, unlike the ideal of marriage, can be dissolved and scattered.
TRV