### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **proskolláō**, represented by `{{G4347}}`, is defined as "to glue to, i.e. (figuratively) to adhere." It is formed from the words πρός and κολλάω. This term for cleaving or joining oneself to another appears **4 times** across **4 unique verses** in the Bible, illustrating a powerful concept of union and allegiance.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{G4347}}` most frequently describes the foundational bond of marriage. In three parallel accounts, the term is used to explain that a man shall leave his father and mother and **cleave** or **be joined** to his wife, with the two becoming one flesh ([[Matthew 19:5]], [[Mark 10:7]], [[Ephesians 5:31]]). A different application is found in the book of Acts, where the word describes a group of about four hundred men who **joined themselves** to the rebellious figure Theudas, showing an allegiance to a leader and a cause [[Acts 5:36]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{G4347}}` by providing context and contrast:
* `{{G2641}}` **kataleípō** (to leave down, i.e. behind; by implication, to abandon): This word is used in direct opposition to `{{G4347}}` in the context of marriage. A man must **leave** his parents in order to cleave to his wife, highlighting a transfer of primary loyalty [[Matthew 19:5]].
* `{{G1135}}` **gynḗ** (a woman; specially, a wife): This is the object of the action in the primary context for `{{G4347}}`. The act of cleaving is directed toward a man's **wife**, establishing a new, primary familial unit [[Ephesians 5:31]].
* `{{G1262}}` **dialýō** (to dissolve utterly): This word describes the outcome for those who joined Theudas. After he was slain, his followers **were scattered**, demonstrating the dissolution of a bond that was not permanent [[Acts 5:36]].
### Theological Significance
The conceptual significance of `{{G4347}}` is centered on the idea of a powerful, life-altering bond.
* **The Marriage Covenant:** The term is used to define the nature of marriage as a permanent union. For a man to **cleave** to his wife is to be "glued" to her, forming an inseparable bond that supersedes even the relationship with his parents [[Mark 10:7]].
* **Voluntary Allegiance:** The word also illustrates the concept of choosing one's allegiance. In Acts, men voluntarily **joined themselves** to Theudas, following him because they obeyed him [[Acts 5:36]]. This highlights an adherence based on persuasion and belief.
* **Permanence vs. Transience:** The different contexts reveal a contrast between permanent and transient unions. The marital cleaving is presented as a "one flesh" bond intended for life, while the political joining to Theudas proved temporary and was ultimately brought to nought [[Acts 5:36]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4347}}` is a potent term signifying a deep and binding adherence. While it appears infrequently, its use is significant. It primarily defines the sacred and permanent bond of marriage, where leaving one's former life is a prerequisite for being "glued" to a spouse [[Ephesians 5:31]]. Secondarily, it describes the act of joining a movement or leader, illustrating a commitment that, unlike the ideal of marriage, can be dissolved and scattered.
TRV