Word Study for G4279 (προεπαγγέλλομαι)

proepangéllomai /pro-ep-ang-ghel'-lom-ahee/ Ask about this word

Meaningmiddle voice from πρό and ἐπαγγέλλω; to promise of old

KJV usagepromise before.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of proepangéllomai — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word proepangéllomai, represented by G4279, is defined as to promise of old or to promise before. This specific term is notably rare, appearing only 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible. Its meaning is focused on the act of making a promise in a time long past.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The single biblical use of G4279 is found in Romans 1:2, where it establishes the historical foundation of the gospel. The verse states that the gospel was promised afore by God. This promise was not made in isolation but was delivered by his prophets and recorded in the holy scriptures. This context anchors the message of the New Testament in the prophetic promises documented long before.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words from its context in Romans 1:2 help clarify the nature of this pre-existing promise:

G1223 diá (through): This word denotes the channel by which the promise was delivered. The promise came through God's prophets, indicating they were the chosen vessels for this revelation Romans 1:2.
G4396 prophḗtēs (a foreteller ("prophet")): These are the specific individuals God used to communicate His promise. The scriptures identify them as God's prophets, and their writings are said to point to Jesus John 1:45.
G40 hágios (sacred... holy): This adjective describes the nature of the scriptures containing the promise. By calling them holy, their divine origin and sacred character are emphasized Romans 1:2.
G1124 graphḗ (a document, i.e. holy Writ... scripture): This identifies the location of the promise. The scriptures are the written record that testifies to God's plan and provides comfort and hope Romans 15:4.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G4279 is centered on the continuity and fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

Prophetic Fulfillment: The word confirms that the gospel is the fulfillment of what was promised afore. This establishes a direct line from the Old Testament prophecies to the person and work of Christ, as spoken by the prophets Romans 1:2.
Divine Foreknowledge: The act of promising something "of old" implies God's deliberate and long-standing plan. The promise was not an afterthought but was part of a plan foreknown by God and communicated through His chosen messengers.
Scriptural Authority: By placing the promise in the holy scriptures, the word underscores the authority and reliability of the biblical text as the inspired record of God's unfolding plan Romans 1:2.

Summary

In summary, while G4279 is used only once, its significance is immense. It encapsulates the concept of a divinely-ordained promise from antiquity. Its appearance in Romans 1:2 is crucial for understanding that the gospel message is not a new revelation but the long-awaited fulfillment of what God had promised before through his prophets in the holy scriptures.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Greek New Testament, this word appears as a verb across 2 occurrences, inflected in 2 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form.

Aorist Middle Deponent Indicative 3rd Singular 1×
Perfect Middle Or Passive Deponent Participle Accusative Singular Feminine 1×

Accusative: The direct object of the verb.
Singular: One.
Feminine: Feminine grammatical gender.
3rd: Third person — the one spoken about ("he"/"they").
Aorist: Action viewed as a single whole — usually a simple past event.
Perfect: A completed act whose results continue.
Middle Deponent: Middle in form but active in meaning.
Middle Or Passive: Can be read as middle or passive; context decides.
Indicative: A plain statement of fact.
Participle: A verbal adjective — describes while carrying the verb's action.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

1 verse, all in Romans — and none of the other 26 New Testament books.

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.