### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **proaitiáomai**, represented by `{{G4256}}`, means **to accuse already, i.e. previously charge**. It is derived from πρό and a derivative of αἰτία. This specific term is quite rare, appearing only **1 times** in **1 unique verses** in the entire Bible, highlighting its very specific application.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single use of `{{G4256}}` is found in a pivotal moment in the book of Romans. In his argument, Paul uses the word to establish a foundational truth: "we have **before proved** both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin" [[Romans 3:9]]. This isn't a new accusation being made on the spot, but rather a reference to a charge that has already been substantiated. The term decisively levels the spiritual playing field, asserting that neither Jew `{{G2453}}` nor Gentile `{{G1672}}` is in a better position, as all are equally accountable.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words from its context help clarify the scope of this "previous charge":
* `{{G2453}}` **Ioudaîos** (Jew): This term refers to those "belonging to Jehudah" and represents one of the two groups being universally charged [[Romans 3:9]].
* `{{G1672}}` **Héllēn** (Gentile, Greek): This describes a "non-Jew" and is the second group included in the universal charge, ensuring no one is exempt [[Romans 3:9]].
* `{{G266}}` **hamartía** (sin): This is the substance of the charge, defining the state that all humanity is **under** [[Romans 3:9]].
* `{{G5259}}` **hypó** (under): This preposition describes the condition of being subject to sin's power and consequence, as in being "**under** sin" [[Romans 3:9]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4256}}` is significant despite its single appearance. It is a legal-sounding term that solidifies a key doctrine.
* **Universal Sinfulness:** The act of having "before proved" or "previously charged" establishes that the condition of being under sin is a settled verdict upon all humanity. Paul asks rhetorically, "are we better?" `{{G4284}}`, and answers with a definitive "No, in no wise" [[Romans 3:9]].
* **Foundation for Justification:** By using `{{G4256}}`, Paul concludes his prior arguments and sets the stage for the gospel. Since all are already charged and found guilty, no one can claim righteousness on their own merit. This universal condemnation necessitates a universal salvation offered through faith.
* **Prior Indictment:** The word implies that the evidence for this charge has already been presented. The preceding chapters of Romans, and indeed the Old Testament, serve as the basis for this concluded indictment against both Jews `{{G2453}}` and Gentiles `{{G1672}}`.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4256}}` **proaitiáomai** is a precise and powerful term used to finalize a crucial theological argument. Its sole use in [[Romans 3:9]] serves as a formal declaration that all people have been previously and conclusively charged as being "under sin" `{{G266}}`. This understanding is not an opinion but a verdict, stripping away any claim to inherent superiority and establishing the equal need of all humanity for the grace of God.
TRV