### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **ponēróteros**, represented by `{{G4191}}`, is the comparative form of πονηρός, meaning **more evil** or **more wicked**. It is a rare term, appearing only **2 times** in **2 unique verses** in scripture. Its specific function is to show a greater or intensified degree of the evil described by its root word.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{G4191}}` appears in a single, potent parable recorded in both Matthew and Luke. The word describes the nature of seven other spirits that an unclean spirit brings with it upon returning to a person. These spirits are explicitly called **more wicked** `{{G4191}}` than the original spirit, illustrating an escalation of evil ([[Matthew 12:45]], [[Luke 11:26]]). The consequence of this intensified demonic presence is that the person's final state becomes "worse than the first" [[Luke 11:26]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller context for the meaning of `{{G4191}}`:
* `{{G4190}}` **ponērós** (hurtful, evil, wicked): This is the root word from which `{{G4191}}` is derived. It describes a state of moral culpability or wickedness, such as the "evil treasure" of the heart [[Luke 6:45]] or the "wicked generation" to whom the parable is applied [[Matthew 12:45]].
* `{{G4151}}` **pneûma** (a spirit): This word is used for the entities described as being "more wicked." In this context, it refers to superhuman beings, specifically unclean spirits or demons ([[Matthew 12:45]], [[Luke 11:26]]).
* `{{G5501}}` **cheírōn** (worse, more evil): This word appears in the same verses as `{{G4191}}` to describe the outcome of the spirits' return. The man's final condition is **worse** `{{G5501}}`, directly linking the presence of "more wicked" spirits to a more aggravated state [[Matthew 12:45]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4191}}` is concentrated in the warning it conveys about spiritual states.
* **The Escalation of Evil:** As a comparative adjective, the word's primary function is to show that evil is not static but can intensify. The return of an unclean spirit with companions that are "more wicked" demonstrates a principle of progressive corruption.
* **The Danger of a Spiritual Void:** The parable in which `{{G4191}}` is found serves as a stark warning. When a life is cleansed of one evil but not filled with something good, it becomes vulnerable to an even worse state of spiritual bondage ([[Matthew 12:45]], [[Luke 11:26]]).
* **A Generational Warning:** The application of this principle extends beyond the individual. The narrative in Matthew concludes, "Even so shall it be also unto this wicked `{{G4190}}` generation," using the parable as a judgment on a people who have witnessed good but remain spiritually vacant [[Matthew 12:45]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4191}}` is a precise and impactful term. Though used only twice, **ponēróteros** is critical to understanding the parable of the unclean spirit's return. It emphasizes the progressive and compounding nature of evil, illustrating that an empty spiritual house does not remain neutral but invites a more severe form of wickedness, resulting in a condition that is ultimately worse than the beginning.
TRV