### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **ponēría**, represented by `{{G4189}}`, denotes **depravity**, malice, and wickedness. Derived from πονηρός (ponērós), it is used to describe not just sinful actions but the malicious intent behind them. It appears **7 times** across **7 unique verses**, highlighting specific instances of active evil and corrupt character.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the Gospels, `{{G4189}}` is used to expose the inner state of the heart. Jesus perceived the **wickedness** of the Pharisees when they tried to tempt him [[Matthew 22:18]]. He also taught that while the Pharisees cleaned the outside of the cup, their inward part was "full of ravening and **wickedness**" [[Luke 11:39]]. This concept is further detailed in a list of sins that come from within, where **wickedness** is mentioned alongside thefts, covetousness, and deceit [[Mark 7:22]]. The epistles expand this to a spiritual dimension, identifying a struggle "against spiritual **wickedness** in high places" [[Ephesians 6:12]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the scope of `{{G4189}}`:
* `{{G2549}}` **kakía**: This word for **badness** or **malignity** is often used in tandem with `{{G4189}}`. In [[1 Corinthians 5:8]], believers are warned against celebrating with "the leaven of **malice** and wickedness."
* `{{G4190}}` **ponērós**: As the root word, it means **hurtful** or **evil**. It describes the source of corruption, such as when it is listed as an "**evil** eye" in the catalogue of sins found in [[Mark 7:22]].
* `{{G4124}}` **pleonexía**: This term for **avarice** or **greediness** is consistently listed with `{{G4189}}` as a sin that stems from a depraved heart ([[Romans 1:29]], [[Mark 7:22]]).
* `{{G1388}}` **dólos**: Meaning **deceit** or **guile**, it appears alongside **wickedness** in the list of evils that defile a person from within [[Mark 7:22]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4189}}` is significant, pointing to the nature of sin and the need for redemption.
* **The Source of Sin:** The term emphasizes that sin is not merely an external act but originates from an internal state of **depravity**. Jesus identifies the heart as the source of ravening and **wickedness** [[Luke 11:39]].
* **Spiritual Antagonism:** It is used to describe the cosmic opposition to God and his people. The Christian life is a wrestle against "spiritual **wickedness**" [[Ephesians 6:12]].
* **The Object of Redemption:** Deliverance from **ponēría** is a key aspect of salvation. God sent his Son Jesus to turn people away from their **iniquities** [[Acts 3:26]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4189}}` defines a specific type of evil characterized by active malice and depravity. It is not a passive flaw but a corrupt force that originates in the heart, manifests in various sins, and represents a spiritual power at odds with God. Its usage in scripture highlights the depth of human sinfulness and the necessity of the salvation offered through Christ, which turns people away from such wickedness.
TRV