The Greek word póma, represented by G4188, is defined as a beverage or drink. It is derived from an alternate of the verb πίνω (pínō), meaning "to drink." It appears only 2 times in 2 unique verses, yet its usage spans from the literal to the profoundly symbolic.
In its biblical contexts, G4188 is used in two distinct ways. It refers to literal beverages as part of the Old Covenant's ceremonial laws, where it is listed alongside "meats" and "divers washings" as carnal ordinances that were temporary Hebrews 9:10. In contrast, it is also used figuratively to describe a supernatural provision from God, as seen in the "spiritual drink" that the Israelites partook of, which came from the spiritual Rock that was Christ 1 Corinthians 10:4.
Several related words help clarify the meaning of G4188:
- G4095 pínō (to drink): As the verb from which póma is derived, this word signifies the act of drinking. In 1 Corinthians 10:4, both words are used to emphasize that the people did "drink" a spiritual "drink."
- G1033 brōma (meat): This word for food or victuals is often used in parallel with póma. In Hebrews 9:10, "meats and drinks" are mentioned together as components of the ceremonial law.
- G4152 pneumatikós (spiritual): This adjective, meaning non-carnal or supernatural, modifies póma in 1 Corinthians 10:4 to elevate its meaning from a simple beverage to a divine provision.
The theological significance of G4188 is demonstrated in its two distinct applications.
- Temporary Ordinances: In Hebrews 9:10, póma is part of a list of "carnal ordinances" that were imposed only "until the time of reformation." This places physical drinks within the context of a temporary system that has been fulfilled.
- Christ as Spiritual Sustenance: The term is elevated to a spiritual reality in 1 Corinthians 10:4. The "spiritual drink" flows from a "spiritual Rock," which the verse explicitly identifies as Christ G5547. This establishes Christ as the true, life-giving source for believers.
- Figurative Fulfillment: The contrast between the physical "drinks" of the old system and the "spiritual drink" found in Christ highlights a key theological shift from outward ritual to inward, spiritual reality.
In summary, while G4188 appears infrequently, its meaning is significant. It functions both as a literal term for a beverage within the ceremonial laws of the past and as a powerful metaphor for the supernatural sustenance that comes only from Christ. The word's usage perfectly illustrates the biblical theme of moving from temporary, physical symbols to the permanent, spiritual truths they represent.
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