### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **poimaínō**, represented by `{{G4165}}`, means to tend as a shepherd. It appears 11 times in 11 unique verses. Derived from the word for shepherd, ποιμήν, its meaning extends from the literal act of feeding cattle to the figurative role of a supervisor who rules.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G4165}}` is used to convey concepts of both care and authority. It is used to describe the responsibility of church leaders, whom the Holy Ghost has made overseers to **feed** the church of God [[Acts 20:28]]. This same charge is given to elders to **feed** the flock of God, not by constraint, but willingly [[1 Peter 5:2]]. The term is also used prophetically to describe a Governor who will **rule** the people of Israel [[Matthew 2:6]]. This authoritative sense is prominent in Revelation, where Christ is depicted as one who will **rule** the nations with a rod of iron [[Revelation 19:15]]. In a negative sense, it describes false teachers who are focused only on **feeding** themselves [[Jude 1:12]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the dual nature of shepherding and ruling associated with `{{G4165}}`:
* `{{G4168}}` **poímnion** (a flock): This term refers to the group of believers under a shepherd's care. It is used directly with `{{G4165}}` in the command to **feed** the **flock** of God [[1 Peter 5:2]].
* `{{G2233}}` **hēgéomai** (to lead, i.e. command): This word for a governor or leader appears alongside `{{G4165}}` in the prophecy that a **Governor** would come forth to **rule** God's people [[Matthew 2:6]], linking shepherding with official authority.
* `{{G1985}}` **epískopos** (a superintendent): This term for an overseer or bishop designates the office whose function is to **feed** the church. The Holy Ghost makes them **overseers** to **feed** the flock [[Acts 20:28]].
* `{{G4464}}` **rhábdos** (a stick or wand): This word, meaning a rod or sceptre, is used to symbolize the authority with which a shepherd rules, as seen in the declaration that Christ will **rule** the nations with a **rod** of iron [[Revelation 19:15]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4165}}` is significant, defining key aspects of leadership and Christ's identity.
* **Pastoral Responsibility:** The term establishes the core duty of spiritual leaders. They are not merely to administrate but to actively **feed** and care for the flock, as commanded by Peter [[1 Peter 5:2]]. Jesus frames this as a direct commission to Peter, linking love for Christ to the act of feeding His sheep [[John 21:16]].
* **Christ as Shepherd-King:** `{{G4165}}` is applied to Christ in his capacity as both a gentle caregiver and a powerful ruler. As the Lamb, he will **feed** his people and lead them to living fountains of water [[Revelation 7:17]]. As the victorious king, he will **rule** all nations with a rod of iron [[Revelation 12:5]].
* **Authoritative Guidance:** The act of shepherding implies more than just providing food; it includes authoritative guidance and protection. This is emphasized by its connection to ruling, establishing a model of leadership that is both nurturing and sovereign.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4165}}` **poimaínō** is a dynamic term that encapsulates the dual responsibilities of a shepherd: to feed and to rule. It is used for literal animal husbandry, the duties of church elders, and the divine authority of Christ himself. The word illustrates the biblical model of leadership, which involves compassionate care, spiritual nourishment, and sovereign control, whether over a flock of sheep, the church of God, or all the nations.
TRV