from πλοῦτος; wealthy; figuratively, abounding with:--rich.
Transliteration:ploúsios
Pronunciation:ploo'-see-os
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective `{{G4145}}` (πλούσιος, *ploúsios*) derives directly from the noun `{{G4149}}` (πλοῦτος, *ploútos*), meaning "riches" or "wealth." Its primary and literal meaning is "wealthy," "rich," or "affluent," referring to an abundance of material possessions, resources, or money. Beyond this literal sense, `{{G4145}}` also carries a significant figurative meaning: "abounding with," "rich in," or "full of" something, whether tangible or intangible. This broader semantic range allows it to describe not only financial prosperity but also spiritual blessings, divine attributes, good works, or even negative spiritual states. It denotes a state of having a great deal of something.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
`{{G4145}}` appears frequently in the New Testament, often highlighting a tension between earthly and heavenly values.
1. **Material Wealth and Its Dangers:**
* The most prominent examples include the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, where the unnamed rich man's material abundance stands in stark contrast to Lazarus's poverty, and his lack of compassion leads to his condemnation ([[Luke 16:19-31]]).
* The encounter with the rich young ruler illustrates the difficulty for those with great possessions to enter the Kingdom of God, as their wealth can become an idol and an obstacle to complete surrender to Christ ([[Matthew 19:16-22]], [[Mark 10:17-22]], [[Luke 18:18-23]]). Jesus's subsequent teaching about the camel and the eye of a needle underscores this challenge.
* James directly addresses the `{{G4145}}` (rich) in his epistle, warning them of their impending judgment, condemning their oppression of the poor, and highlighting the fleeting nature of their earthly glory ([[James 1:10-11]], [[James 2:6]], [[James 5:1-6]]).
* The church in Laodicea is ironically described as claiming to be "rich" but being spiritually "wretched, pitiful, poor, blind, and naked" in God's sight, a powerful indictment of self-deception ([[Revelation 3:17]]).
2. **Figurative and Spiritual Riches:**
* In stark contrast to the warnings about material wealth, `{{G4145}}` is frequently used to describe God's boundless nature and generosity. God is "rich in mercy" ([[Ephesians 2:4]]) and possesses "riches of His glory" ([[Romans 9:23]], [[Ephesians 1:18]], [[Ephesians 3:16]], [[Philippians 4:19]], [[Colossians 1:27]]). This emphasizes the inexhaustible abundance of divine grace, love, and power.
* Believers are called to be "rich in faith" ([[James 2:5]]), demonstrating that true wealth is not material but spiritual.
* Paul encourages believers to be "rich in good works" and generous, laying up treasure in heaven rather than on earth ([[1 Timothy 6:18]]). This redefines "richness" as a measure of one's spiritual fruitfulness and generosity.
* The concept of being "rich toward God" is presented as the only true and lasting wealth, contrasting with the folly of accumulating earthly treasures for oneself ([[Luke 12:21]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of `{{G4145}}` includes several closely related terms:
* `{{G4149}}` (πλοῦτος, *ploútos*): The noun form, meaning "riches" or "wealth," from which `{{G4145}}` is derived.
* `{{G4147}}` (πλουτέω, *plouteō*): The verb "to be rich" or "to become rich."
* `{{G4148}}` (πλουτίζω, *ploutizō*): The verb "to enrich" or "to make rich."
Antonyms and contrasting concepts are also crucial for understanding `{{G4145}}`:
* `{{G4434}}` (πτωχός, *ptōchos*): "Poor," "beggar," directly contrasting with `{{G4145}}` as seen in the parable of Lazarus.
* The biblical tension between material abundance and spiritual poverty, or conversely, material poverty and spiritual richness, is a recurring theme.
Thematically, `{{G4145}}` connects to concepts such as stewardship, covetousness, generosity, justice, divine abundance, and the nature of true treasure.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G4145}}` is profound and multifaceted, revealing a distinctive biblical perspective on wealth.
1. **Ambivalence of Material Wealth:** The New Testament does not inherently condemn wealth, but it consistently highlights its immense spiritual dangers. Being `{{G4145}}` (rich) often leads to:
* **Idolatry:** Wealth can become a competing god, demanding allegiance and displacing God in one's life ([[Matthew 6:24]]).
* **False Security:** It can foster a deceptive sense of self-sufficiency, leading to neglect of divine providence and eternal realities ([[Luke 12:16-21]]).
* **Obstacle to Discipleship:** Attachment to material possessions can hinder genuine commitment to Christ and entry into His Kingdom ([[Matthew 19:23-24]]).
* **Social Injustice:** The rich are frequently depicted as those who exploit or neglect the poor, leading to divine judgment ([[James 2:6]], [[James 5:1-6]]).
2. **Divine Riches as a Paradigm:** In stark contrast to the perils of earthly wealth, God is consistently portrayed as superlatively `{{G4145}}` in His character and actions. He is "rich in mercy" ([[Ephesians 2:4]]) and possesses "the riches of His glory" ([[Romans 9:23]]). This underscores God's inexhaustible grace, boundless generosity, and infinite resources, which He freely bestows upon humanity through Christ.
3. **Redefinition of True Riches:** The New Testament reorients the concept of "richness" from material accumulation to spiritual and relational abundance. Believers are encouraged to be "rich in faith" ([[James 2:5]]) and "rich in good works" ([[1 Timothy 6:18]]), demonstrating that true wealth lies in one's spiritual condition, virtuous character, and acts of love and generosity. The true treasure is not found in earthly possessions but in a relationship with God and service to others. Christ Himself, though "rich" in His divine nature, "became poor" for our sake, demonstrating the ultimate act of self-emptying love that brings true spiritual wealth to humanity ([[2 Corinthians 8:9]]).
### Summary
The Greek adjective `{{G4145}}` (πλούσιος), meaning "rich" or "wealthy," is a key term in the New Testament that carries both literal and figurative significance. While it describes material abundance, the biblical witness often uses it to caution against the spiritual pitfalls of covetousness, self-reliance, and injustice associated with earthly wealth ([[Luke 16:19-31]], [[Matthew 19:23-24]], [[James 5:1-6]]). Conversely, `{{G4145}}` is powerfully employed to describe the boundless nature of God's attributes, such as His "richness in mercy" ([[Ephesians 2:4]]) and the "riches of His glory" ([[Romans 9:23]]). The New Testament ultimately redefines "richness," encouraging believers to pursue "true riches" by being "rich in faith" ([[James 2:5]]) and "rich in good works" ([[1 Timothy 6:18]]), thereby transforming the concept of abundance from a potential snare into a descriptor of spiritual fullness, divine generosity, and eternal treasure.
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