The Greek word peiráō, represented by G3987, means to test (subjectively), i.e. (reflexively) to attempt. It appears 3 times across 3 unique verses in the Bible. The word is often translated as "assay" or "went about," signifying a deliberate effort or undertaking whose nature is defined by the surrounding context.
In its biblical usage, G3987 describes distinct types of attempts. It is used to show Saul's effort to connect with the church in Jerusalem after his conversion, where he assayed to join himself to the disciples Acts 9:26. In contrast, the word also describes a hostile action, as when Paul recounts that the Jews went about to kill him in the temple Acts 26:21. Finally, it appears in Hebrews alongside a related word, G3985, to describe how Christ was tempted in all points like us, yet without sin Hebrews 4:15.
Several related words help clarify the context and intention of the attempts described by G3987:
- G3985 peirázō (to test (objectively), i.e. endeavor, scrutinize, entice, discipline): This very similar term is used with G3987 to emphasize the comprehensive nature of the temptation Christ faced, showing he was tested in all points Hebrews 4:15.
- G1315 diacheirízomai (to handle thoroughly, i.e. lay violent hands upon): This word reveals the violent intent behind the attempt in Acts 26:21, where Paul's accusers went about to kill him.
- G5399 phobéō (to frighten, i.e. (passively) to be alarmed): This word provides the reason Saul's attempt to join the disciples was initially unsuccessful; they were all afraid of him Acts 9:26.
- G266 hamartía (a sin (properly abstract)): This term is critical to understanding the outcome of the testing mentioned in Hebrews 4:15, which states Christ was tempted yet without sin.
- G769 asthéneia (feebleness (of mind or body); by implication, malady; morally, frailty): This highlights Christ's connection to humanity, as he can be touched with the feeling of our infirmities Hebrews 4:15.
The narrative weight of G3987 comes from the different motivations behind the "attempt" it describes.
- Attempted Fellowship: The word can describe a sincere, though initially rejected, effort to join a community. Saul assayed to join the disciples, an attempt born of his genuine conversion Acts 9:26.
- Hostile Intent: G3987 is also used to frame a malicious plot. In Acts 26:21, it describes the deliberate action of those who had caught G4815 Paul and went about to kill G1315 him.
- Comprehensive Testing: Its use in Hebrews 4:15 is theologically significant. Paired with G3985, it shows that Christ was subjected to every kind of testing, linking his experience to human infirmities G769 while affirming his unique status as being without sin G266.
In summary, G3987 is a specific verb for "to attempt," but its meaning is shaped entirely by the intent of the actor. It can signify a positive move toward community, a violent and deadly conspiracy, or the profound and complete spiritual testing that Christ endured on behalf of humanity. The word demonstrates how a single action—an attempt—can carry vastly different weight depending on its purpose.
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