from πειράζω; a putting to proof (by experiment (of good), experience (of evil), solicitation, discipline or provocation); by implication, adversity:--temptation, X try.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **peirasmós**, represented by `{{G3986}}`, refers to a **temptation** or a putting to proof. It appears 21 times across 20 unique verses in the Bible. The term's base definition is "a putting to proof (by experiment (of good), experience (of evil), solicitation, discipline or provocation); by implication, adversity."
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G3986}}` describes various trials faced by believers. It can refer to general hardships that test one's faith, as believers are told to "count it all joy when ye fall into divers **temptations**" [[James 1:2]] and may experience "heaviness through manifold **temptations**" [[1 Peter 1:6]]. The word is also used in the context of spiritual discipline, with a command to "watch and pray, that ye enter not into **temptation**" [[Matthew 26:41]]. The Lord's Prayer includes a plea for divine guidance: "lead us not into **temptation**, but deliver us from evil" [[Matthew 6:13]]. While God provides a way to escape [[1 Corinthians 10:13]], a time of **temptation** can also cause those with no root to "fall away" [[Luke 8:13]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{G3986}}`:
* `{{G3985}}` **peirázō** (to test (objectively), i.e. endeavor, scrutinize, entice, discipline): This is the verb form from which peirasmós is derived. It is used to describe the act of being "tempted" and God's promise not to allow believers to be tested beyond what they can bear [[1 Corinthians 10:13]].
* `{{G5278}}` **hypoménō** (to undergo, i.e. bear (trials), have fortitude, persevere): This describes the proper response to trials. A man is called blessed when he "endureth **temptation**" [[James 1:12]], highlighting the need for perseverance.
* `{{G4506}}` **rhýomai** (to rush or draw (for oneself), i.e. rescue): This word signifies the deliverance sought in prayer. It appears in the Lord's Prayer, where the plea to not be led into temptation is followed by the request to "deliver us from evil" [[Matthew 6:13]].
* `{{G868}}` **aphístēmi** (to remove, i.e. (actively) instigate to revolt; usually (reflexively) to desist, desert, etc.): This word describes the potential negative outcome of a trial, as seen when some who believe for a while will "in time of temptation fall away" [[Luke 8:13]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3986}}` is significant, outlining a core element of the Christian life.
* **A Test of Faith:** Temptation often serves as a trial to prove one's faith. Those who endure are promised a "crown of life" [[James 1:12]], and what is called a "fiery trial" is intended to "try" believers [[1 Peter 4:12]].
* **Divine Sovereignty and Deliverance:** Scripture affirms that God is in control of these trials. He is faithful and will not allow believers to be tempted beyond their ability but will "make a way to escape" [[1 Corinthians 10:13]]. The Lord knows how to "deliver the godly out of temptations" [[2 Peter 2:9]].
* **The Need for Spiritual Vigilance:** Believers have a responsibility to be watchful. Jesus commands his disciples to "watch and **pray**, lest ye enter into **temptation**," acknowledging that "the flesh is weak" [[Mark 14:38]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3986}}` is a complex term that extends beyond simple enticement to sin. It defines the trials, adversity, and tests of faith that are part of the human experience. The concept frames a key spiritual dynamic: the believer's need for watchfulness and prayer, God's promise to deliver the faithful, and the potential for a great reward for those who endure.
TRV