The Greek word peirasmós, represented by G3986, refers to a temptation or a putting to proof. It appears 21 times across 20 unique verses in the Bible. The term's base definition is "a putting to proof (by experiment (of good), experience (of evil), solicitation, discipline or provocation); by implication, adversity."
In scripture, G3986 describes various trials faced by believers. It can refer to general hardships that test one's faith, as believers are told to "count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations" James 1:2 and may experience "heaviness through manifold temptations" 1 Peter 1:6. The word is also used in the context of spiritual discipline, with a command to "watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation" Matthew 26:41. The Lord's Prayer includes a plea for divine guidance: "lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil" Matthew 6:13. While God provides a way to escape 1 Corinthians 10:13, a time of temptation can also cause those with no root to "fall away" Luke 8:13.
Several related words help clarify the meaning of G3986:
- G3985 peirázō (to test (objectively), i.e. endeavor, scrutinize, entice, discipline): This is the verb form from which peirasmós is derived. It is used to describe the act of being "tempted" and God's promise not to allow believers to be tested beyond what they can bear 1 Corinthians 10:13.
- G5278 hypoménō (to undergo, i.e. bear (trials), have fortitude, persevere): This describes the proper response to trials. A man is called blessed when he "endureth temptation" James 1:12, highlighting the need for perseverance.
- G4506 rhýomai (to rush or draw (for oneself), i.e. rescue): This word signifies the deliverance sought in prayer. It appears in the Lord's Prayer, where the plea to not be led into temptation is followed by the request to "deliver us from evil" Matthew 6:13.
- G868 aphístēmi (to remove, i.e. (actively) instigate to revolt; usually (reflexively) to desist, desert, etc.): This word describes the potential negative outcome of a trial, as seen when some who believe for a while will "in time of temptation fall away" Luke 8:13.
The theological weight of G3986 is significant, outlining a core element of the Christian life.
- A Test of Faith: Temptation often serves as a trial to prove one's faith. Those who endure are promised a "crown of life" James 1:12, and what is called a "fiery trial" is intended to "try" believers 1 Peter 4:12.
- Divine Sovereignty and Deliverance: Scripture affirms that God is in control of these trials. He is faithful and will not allow believers to be tempted beyond their ability but will "make a way to escape" 1 Corinthians 10:13. The Lord knows how to "deliver the godly out of temptations" 2 Peter 2:9.
- The Need for Spiritual Vigilance: Believers have a responsibility to be watchful. Jesus commands his disciples to "watch and pray, lest ye enter into temptation," acknowledging that "the flesh is weak" Mark 14:38.
In summary, G3986 is a complex term that extends beyond simple enticement to sin. It defines the trials, adversity, and tests of faith that are part of the human experience. The concept frames a key spiritual dynamic: the believer's need for watchfulness and prayer, God's promise to deliver the faithful, and the potential for a great reward for those who endure.
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