middle voice from παῤῥησία; to be frank in utterance, or confident in spirit and demeanor:--be (wax) bold, (preach, speak) boldly.
Transliteration:parrhēsiázomai
Pronunciation:par-hray-see-ad'-zom-ahee
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb παῤῥησιάζομαι (`{{G3955}}`) is derived from the noun παῤῥησία (`{{G3954}}`), which fundamentally means "all speech," and by extension, "freedom of speech," "outspokenness," "boldness," or "confidence." As a middle voice verb, παῤῥησιάζομαι signifies the act of exercising this quality, thus meaning "to speak with all freedom," "to speak boldly," "to be confident," or "to act with courage." Its semantic range encompasses:
* **Verbal Boldness:** Speaking plainly, frankly, openly, without concealment, evasion, or fear of consequences. It implies a direct and uninhibited declaration.
* **Attitudinal Boldness:** Possessing an inner confidence, courage, or fearlessness in spirit and demeanor, which then manifests outwardly.
* **Actional Boldness:** Acting with conviction and resolve, often in challenging or hostile circumstances, demonstrating a lack of timidity.
The middle voice emphasizes that the subject is actively engaging in or exhibiting this boldness, indicating an intentional and self-initiated expression of courage.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
παῤῥησιάζομαι appears frequently in the New Testament, particularly in the book of Acts, where it consistently describes the courageous proclamation of the gospel by the apostles and early believers.
* **Acts 9:27-28**: Following his conversion, Saul (Paul) is affirmed by Barnabas as having "spoken boldly" (παῤῥησιάζομαι) in Damascus in the name of Jesus. Subsequently, in Jerusalem, he continued to "speak boldly" (παῤῥησιάζομαι), disputing with the Hellenistic Jews. These instances highlight Paul's immediate and sustained fearless proclamation despite his notorious past and the inherent dangers.
* **Acts 13:46**: In Antioch of Pisidia, when the Jews rejected their message, Paul and Barnabas "spoke out boldly" (παῤῥησιάζομαι), declaring their turn to the Gentiles. This demonstrates a decisive and confrontational boldness in the face of opposition.
* **Acts 14:3**: Despite threats and plots in Iconium, Paul and Barnabas "stayed there a long time, speaking boldly (παῤῥησιάζομαι) for the Lord." This illustrates persistent and enduring boldness in hostile environments.
* **Acts 18:26**: Apollos, initially, "began to speak boldly (παῤῥησιάζομαι) in the synagogue" in Ephesus, showcasing his zeal and conviction even before receiving more complete instruction from Priscilla and Aquila.
* **Acts 19:8**: In Ephesus, Paul "entered the synagogue and for three months spoke boldly (παῤῥησιάζομαι), reasoning and persuading them about the kingdom of God." This instance couples boldness with reasoned discourse and persuasive evangelism.
* **Acts 26:26**: Paul, addressing King Agrippa, states that he "speaks freely" (or "boldly," παῤῥησιάζομαι), implying transparency and confidence in his testimony before a powerful ruler.
* **Ephesians 6:20**: Paul, as an "ambassador in chains," requests prayer that he "may speak boldly (παῤῥησιάζομαι)" as he ought to speak the mystery of the gospel. This connects boldness directly with faithful and uncompromised proclamation, even from imprisonment.
* **1 Thessalonians 2:2**: Paul recounts how they "had courage in our God to declare to you the gospel of God in spite of great opposition" (παῤῥησιάζομαι). This emphasizes a divinely enabled boldness that overcomes significant resistance.
Across these contexts, παῤῥησιάζομαι consistently describes the courageous, unhesitating, and often public proclamation of the Christian message, frequently in the face of opposition, persecution, or social pressure. It is a defining characteristic of effective apostolic and evangelistic ministry.
### Related Words & Concepts
* παῤῥησία (`{{G3954}}`): The foundational noun from which παῤῥησιάζομαι is derived. The verb is the active expression of the noun's quality of boldness or freedom of speech.
* θαρσέω (`{{G2292}}`): "To be of good courage," "to be confident." While θαρσέω conveys an internal state of courage, παῤῥησιάζομαι specifically highlights the *outward manifestation* of that courage, particularly in speech.
* εὐαγγελίζω (`{{G2097}}`): "To preach the gospel." παῤῥησιάζομαι often describes *how* the gospel is preached – with boldness and conviction.
* The concept of *witness* (μαρτυρία, `{{G3141}}`) and *testimony* (μαρτυρέω, `{{G3140}}`) is intimately connected, as παῤῥησιάζομαι describes the courageous manner in which such witness is delivered.
* It stands in direct contrast to fear, timidity, silence, concealment, or a desire to appease human audiences.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of παῤῥησιάζομαι is profound, particularly in understanding the nature of early Christian witness:
* **Divine Empowerment:** The boldness described by παῤῥησιάζομαι is often presented not as mere human bravado but as a gift or enablement from God. In [[1 Thessalonians 2:2]], Paul explicitly states they had "courage *in our God* to declare the gospel." This suggests that genuine Christian boldness is a Spirit-empowered conviction, allowing believers to transcend natural fear. While παῤῥησιάζομαι itself is not used in [[Acts 4:29-31]], the prayer for boldness and the subsequent Spirit-filling leading to courageous speaking illustrates the divine source of this quality.
* **Essential for Gospel Proclamation:** The consistent association of παῤῥησιάζομαι with preaching the gospel underscores its critical role in evangelism. The message of Christ, which often challenges prevailing cultural norms and religious systems, requires courage to articulate openly and without compromise.
* **Authenticity and Transparency:** Boldness implies speaking the truth without fear of consequences, reflecting the unvarnished reality of the gospel. It counters hypocrisy, secrecy, or a desire to please human beings over God. It signifies an open and honest declaration of convictions.
* **Confidence in Christ:** The ultimate source of this boldness is a deep conviction in the person, authority, and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. Believers speak boldly because they are confident in the power of their message and the One they represent.
* **Hallmark of Spirit-Filled Ministry:** As seen in Acts, the apostles' boldness is often a direct outcome of being filled with the Holy Spirit. This suggests that Spirit-led ministry is characterized by a fearless and uninhibited proclamation of God's truth.
### Summary
παῤῥησιάζομαι (`{{G3955}}`) is a potent Greek verb signifying the act of speaking or acting with unreserved frankness, courage, and confidence. Derived from παῤῥησία (`{{G3954}}`), "freedom of speech" or "boldness," it consistently characterizes the fearless proclamation of the gospel by early Christians, especially the apostles. Its frequent appearances in the book of Acts (e.g., [[Acts 9:27]], [[Acts 13:46]], [[Acts 14:3]]) illustrate Paul and others speaking openly and persistently about Jesus, even in the face of severe opposition or persecution. This boldness is not merely a human trait but is depicted as a divine enablement, often linked to the work of the Holy Spirit and a profound conviction in the truth of Christ's message. Theologically, παῤῥησιάζομαι highlights the indispensable nature of courageous and transparent witness for the advancement of the gospel, reflecting a confidence rooted in God's power rather than human strength. It stands as a hallmark of authentic, Spirit-empowered ministry.
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