from a compound of παρά and a derivative of ἀγορά (meaning to harangue an assembly); an address alongside, i.e. (specially), consolation:--comfort.
Transliteration:parēgoría
Pronunciation:par-ay-gor-ee'-ah
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun G3931 (παρηγορία, *parēgoría*) is derived from a compound involving παρά (*pará*), meaning "beside" or "alongside," and a derivative of ἀγορά (*agorá*), which refers to an "assembly" or "public speaking." Etymologically, it suggests "an address alongside" or "speaking beside someone." This semantic development leads to its primary meaning of "consolation," "comfort," "solace," or "alleviation." It denotes the act of providing soothing words or encouragement, particularly in times of distress, sorrow, or hardship. Unlike mere casual conversation, *parēgoría* implies a purposeful verbal intervention aimed at bringing relief or solace to another. Its semantic range is tightly focused on the provision of comfort through speech or presence.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term G3931 (παρηγορία) appears only once in the New Testament, in Paul's letter to the Colossians:
"These alone of the circumcision are my fellow workers for the kingdom of God; they have proved to be a comfort to me." [[Colossians 4:11]]
In this singular occurrence, Paul identifies three Jewish Christians—Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus—as his "fellow workers" who have been a "comfort" (παρηγορία) to him. The context is Paul's imprisonment, likely in Rome, where he faced significant challenges and isolation. The presence and ministry of these individuals provided not just emotional solace but also practical support and encouragement in his missionary endeavors and personal trials. The word here signifies a profound sense of relief, encouragement, and alleviation of distress brought about by their companionship and active participation in the work of the gospel. It underscores the vital role of human solidarity and mutual support within the early Christian community, especially for those enduring suffering for the sake of Christ.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several Greek terms share a conceptual kinship with G3931 (παρηγορία), often overlapping in meaning, particularly in the realm of comfort and encouragement.
* `{{G3870}}` (παρακαλέω, *parakaleō*): This verb, meaning "to call alongside," "to exhort," "to comfort," or "to encourage," is a frequent and significant term in the New Testament. It denotes a broader range of action, including admonition and appeal, but often carries the nuance of providing comfort.
* `{{G3874}}` (παράκλησις, *paraklēsis*): The noun form related to `{{G3870}}`, this word means "exhortation," "encouragement," or "consolation." It is closely aligned with παρηγορία in its capacity to describe the comfort given to others, often through spoken word. For instance, God is described as "the God of all comfort" (2 Corinthians 1:3), using παράκλησις.
* `{{G3889}}` (παραμυθία, *paramythia*): Meaning "consolation" or "comfort," this term is very close in semantic range to παρηγορία and παράκλησις. It emphasizes the act of soothing grief or distress. While παρηγορία highlights the "address" or "speaking alongside" that brings comfort, παραμυθία focuses more on the *effect* of soothing or alleviating sorrow.
These terms collectively highlight the New Testament's emphasis on the importance of mutual support, encouragement, and solace within the Christian community, often facilitated through speech and presence.
### Theological Significance
Despite its solitary appearance, the word G3931 (παρηγορία) carries significant theological weight. It underscores the incarnational nature of divine comfort; while God is the ultimate source of all comfort, He often mediates that comfort through His people. Paul's experience in [[Colossians 4:11]] demonstrates that human companionship and active support are not merely incidental but are divinely purposed means of sustaining believers, especially those engaged in arduous ministry or enduring persecution.
The concept of παρηγορία implicitly connects to the broader theme of the body of Christ, where members minister to one another's needs. It is a practical outworking of Christian love (`{{G26}}`, *agapē*) and solidarity. In a world fraught with suffering, the ability to provide genuine solace and encouragement to fellow believers becomes a tangible expression of the gospel's power to create community and alleviate burdens. It reminds us that spiritual strength often comes through the tangible support of others, reflecting God's own comforting presence in the midst of human frailty.
### Summary
The Greek word G3931 (παρηγορία, *parēgoría*) fundamentally denotes "consolation" or "comfort," stemming from the idea of "speaking alongside" someone to provide relief. Its singular occurrence in the New Testament, in [[Colossians 4:11]], powerfully illustrates its meaning: Paul identifies his Jewish Christian companions as having provided him with essential comfort and support during his imprisonment. This word highlights the crucial role of mutual encouragement and solidarity within the Christian fellowship, serving as a tangible manifestation of God's comforting presence mediated through His people, particularly in times of adversity or demanding service. It underscores the profound significance of human companionship and supportive words in sustaining believers and advancing the Kingdom of God.
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