The Greek word parádosis, represented by G3862, refers to a tradition, ordinance, or precept that is transmitted or delivered. It is derived from G3860 (paradídōmi), meaning to transmit or deliver. It appears 13 times across 13 unique verses, where its meaning is heavily dependent on the context and the source of the tradition being discussed.
In scripture, G3862 is used in two primary contexts. First, it refers to human traditions, particularly those of the Pharisees and elders, which are often contrasted with God's law. Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for transgressing the commandment of God for the sake of their tradition Matthew 15:3 and for making the word of God of "none effect" through their practices Mark 7:13. These traditions included ceremonial washings Mark 7:8 and rules that superseded foundational commands like honoring one's father and mother Matthew 15:6. Conversely, the term is used positively to describe authoritative apostolic teachings. Believers are commanded to hold the traditions taught by the apostles, whether by word or by epistle 2 Thessalonians 2:15, and are praised for keeping the ordinances as they were delivered to them 1 Corinthians 11:2.
Several related words help clarify the meaning and application of G3862:
- G1785 entolḗ (commandment): This term for an authoritative prescription is frequently set in direct opposition to human tradition. Jesus asks why the Pharisees transgress the commandment of God for their tradition Matthew 15:3.
- G3860 paradídōmi (deliver): As the root verb of parádosis, this word emphasizes the act of transmission. Paul praises the Corinthians for keeping the ordinances as he delivered them 1 Corinthians 11:2.
- G2902 kratéō (hold): This word describes the act of adhering to a tradition, whether good or bad. The Pharisees were criticized because they hold the tradition of men Mark 7:8, while the Thessalonians were encouraged to hold the apostolic traditions 2 Thessalonians 2:15.
- G114 athetéō (reject): This term, meaning to set aside or disesteem, is used to describe how human traditions can lead to the violation of divine law. Jesus states, "Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition" Mark 7:9.
The theological weight of G3862 is centered on the distinction between divine authority and human authority.
- Divine Law vs. Human Custom: The Gospels make a clear distinction between God's commandments and the traditions of men. Human traditions are presented as dangerous when they are elevated to the same level as, or used to nullify, the word of God Matthew 15:6.
- Apostolic Authority: The positive use of parádosis establishes the concept of authoritative apostolic teaching. The traditions delivered by the apostles are not mere human customs but are part of the foundational truth to be held fast by the church (2 Thessalonians 2:15, 1 Corinthians 11:2).
- The Source of Deception: Scripture warns that traditions originating from men and the "rudiments of the world" can be a form of "vain deceit" used to spoil believers and draw them away from Christ Colossians 2:8. Paul himself notes he was once exceedingly zealous of the traditions of his fathers as part of his past life in Judaism Galatians 1:14.
In summary, G3862 is a pivotal term for understanding the difference between what originates from God and what originates from man. It carries a negative connotation when it refers to human-derived customs that conflict with or invalidate God's commandments Mark 7:9. However, it carries a positive and authoritative meaning when referring to the doctrines and practices delivered by the apostles, which are to be carefully kept by believers 2 Thessalonians 3:6. The crucial factor is always the source of the tradition.
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