ὀχλέω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word ochleō, represented by G3791, means to mob or, by implication, to harass and is translated as vex. It appears only 2 times in 2 verses in the Bible. The term specifically describes a state of severe harassment or affliction, and in its biblical usage, it is exclusively associated with the torment caused by unclean spirits.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In the biblical narrative, G3791 is used to describe the suffering of individuals who were brought to Jesus and the apostles for deliverance. In Luke 6:18, a crowd came to hear him, including "they that were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed." A similar event is recorded in Acts 5:16, where a multitude from surrounding cities brought "sick folks, and them which were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed every one." In both instances, the word pinpoints a specific type of spiritual oppression that required divine intervention.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide a fuller picture of the context in which G3791 is used:

• G169 akáthartos (impure... unclean): This word qualifies the source of the vexation in both uses of G3791. It denotes a spiritual impurity that is demonic in nature, as when the disciples were given power over unclean spirits Matthew 10:1.
• G2323 therapeúō (to... relieve (of disease):--cure, heal, worship): This is the direct resolution for those who are vexed. In every case where people are described as vexed, they are subsequently healed (Luke 6:18, Acts 5:16). It also describes the disciples' mission to cure diseases Luke 9:1.
• G4151 pneûma (a spirit... demon): This identifies the agent causing the harassment. The vexation is not a physical illness but an attack by an unclean spirit Luke 6:18. This is the same term used when describing an unclean spirit leaving a person Matthew 12:43.

Theological Significance

The theological significance of G3791 is found in its specific application to spiritual conflict and divine authority.

• Spiritual Affliction: The term highlights that human suffering can stem from demonic harassment, a condition distinct from but mentioned alongside physical sickness Acts 5:16.
• Christ's Authority: The healing that immediately follows the state of being "vexed" demonstrates the absolute power and authority of Christ and his followers over these harassing spirits Luke 6:18. This authority was explicitly given to the disciples over "unclean spirits" Matthew 10:1.
• Deliverance and Restoration: The use of G3791 is always paired with the resolution of healing. This underscores a core theological truth: the power of God brings deliverance and restoration to those who are harassed and oppressed by evil forces.

Summary

In summary, G3791 is a highly specific term for being harassed or vexed by unclean spirits. Though rare, its usage provides a clear window into the reality of spiritual oppression in the biblical world and, more importantly, the definitive power of Christ to heal and deliver. It illustrates that deliverance from such spiritual torment was a central and recurring element of Jesus's ministry.