### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek noun οὖς (oûs), Strong's number `{{G3775}}`, is defined fundamentally as "the ear." As a "primary word," its meaning is foundational and not derived from other terms, indicating its essential role in human experience and biblical discourse. Its semantic range extends beyond the mere physical organ of hearing to encompass the faculty of hearing in a metaphorical or spiritual sense. This includes the capacity for understanding, giving attention, and even the act of obedience. Thus, οὖς can refer to the anatomical structure, the act of perceiving sound, or the deeper spiritual reception and comprehension of a message, particularly divine revelation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The word οὖς appears frequently in the New Testament, often highlighting its dual physical and spiritual significance. Physically, it denotes the anatomical ear, as seen in accounts of healing or physical injury. For instance, in the arrest of Jesus, Peter cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, Malchus, which Jesus subsequently heals ([[Luke 22:50-51]], [[John 18:10]]). This illustrates the literal, physical use of the term.
More profoundly, οὖς is employed to signify spiritual perception and responsiveness. Jesus repeatedly uses the phrase, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear" (e.g., [[Matthew 11:15]], [[Matthew 13:9]], [[Mark 4:9]], [[Luke 8:8]]). This imperative calls for more than mere auditory reception; it demands active listening, spiritual discernment, and a willingness to understand and obey the profound truths being conveyed. It distinguishes those who are merely present from those who are truly receptive to divine revelation. Similarly, in the book of Revelation, the recurring exhortation, "He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches" ([[Revelation 2:7]], [[Revelation 2:11]], etc.), underscores the necessity of spiritual receptivity to the messages of the Holy Spirit directed to the believers. Paul also uses οὖς in the context of the body of Christ, stating, "If the ear should say, 'Because I am not an eye, I do not belong to the body,' that would not make it any less a part of the body" ([[1 Corinthians 12:16]]), emphasizing the unique and essential function of each member within the spiritual body.
### Related Words & Concepts
The meaning and significance of οὖς are enriched by its relationship with several other Greek words and biblical concepts. The most direct association is with the verb ἀκούω (akouō, `{{G191}}`), meaning "to hear." The ear (οὖς) is the organ by which one hears (ἀκούω), and these two words are often found in close proximity, emphasizing the act of hearing.
Another crucial related term is ὑπακούω (hypakouō, `{{G5219}}`), meaning "to obey." This word literally translates to "to hear under" or "to listen attentively," implying that true hearing (via the ear, οὖς) should lead to a response of obedience. This connection highlights that biblical hearing is not passive but demands an active, obedient response.
The concept of faith (πίστις, pistis, `{{G4102}}`) is also intrinsically linked, as "faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ" ([[Romans 10:17]]). The ear serves as the vital conduit through which the divine message is received, leading to the development of faith. Furthermore, the idea of spiritual understanding (related to νοῦς, nous, `{{G3563}}`, mind/understanding) is integral, as merely hearing with the physical ear is insufficient without the mind's comprehension and the spirit's reception. The Old Testament concept of "uncircumcised ears" ([[Acts 7:51]], echoing Old Testament prophetic laments) serves as a powerful metaphor for spiritual dullness, resistance, and an unwillingness to heed God's voice, providing a rich backdrop for the New Testament's emphasis on spiritual hearing.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of οὖς extends far beyond its anatomical function. It serves as a profound symbol of spiritual receptivity, discernment, and the human capacity for a relationship with God. The repeated call to "hear" implies that God is speaking, and humanity is obligated to listen. This active listening is fundamental to spiritual growth and obedience.
The ear is the primary means by which divine revelation – whether through the teachings of Jesus, the apostolic preaching, or the prompting of the Holy Spirit – is received. Therefore, the state of one's spiritual "ears" determines their response to God's truth. Those with "ears to hear" are the ones who grasp the deeper spiritual meaning of parables and teachings, demonstrating a heart open to God's kingdom. Conversely, those who "have ears but do not hear" are depicted as spiritually dull or resistant, unable or unwilling to perceive divine truth, often due to hardened hearts or spiritual blindness.
Ultimately, the ear represents a point of encounter between God's speaking and humanity's response. It underscores the responsibility of the listener to not only hear the sound but to internalize, understand, and act upon God's word, leading to transformation and a deeper walk of faith.
### Summary
The Greek word οὖς (oûs, `{{G3775}}`) denotes the physical ear, but more profoundly, it symbolizes the spiritual faculty of hearing, understanding, and obedience. Its frequent use in the New Testament, particularly in Jesus' calls to "hear" and the Spirit's messages to the churches, underscores its critical role in spiritual discernment and receptivity to divine revelation. Linked closely with verbs like ἀκούω (to hear) and ὑπακούω (to obey), οὖς highlights that true biblical hearing is not passive but demands an active, transformative response of faith and obedience. Theologically, it represents the vital conduit through which God communicates with humanity, emphasizing the profound responsibility of believers to cultivate "ears to hear" and heed the life-giving truths of the Gospel.
TRV