The Greek word oneidízō, represented by G3679, describes the act of defaming, railing at, or taunting. It is often translated as to reproach, revile, or upbraid. This term appears 11 times in 10 unique verses, carrying a strong sense of scorn and sharp criticism.
In scripture, G3679 is used in several distinct contexts. Believers are described as blessed when they are reviled for following Christ (Matthew 5:11, 1 Peter 4:14). Jesus himself uses the term to upbraid cities for their failure to repent in light of his mighty works Matthew 11:20 and to upbraid the eleven disciples for their unbelief and hardness of heart Mark 16:14. In a display of ultimate contempt, the thieves crucified with Jesus also reviled him (Mark 15:32, Matthew 27:44). Conversely, the word is used to highlight God's gracious character, as He gives wisdom to all without finding fault or upbraiding James 1:5.
Several related words help clarify the meaning and context of G3679:
- G3680 oneidismós (contumely:--reproach): This is the noun form, signifying the reproach itself. It is used to describe the reproaches that fell upon Christ on our behalf Romans 15:3 and the reproach believers may bear when following him Hebrews 13:13.
- G1377 diṓkō (to pursue... to persecute): This word often appears alongside G3679 to describe the hostility faced by believers, such as when Jesus says they will be blessed when men revile and persecute them Matthew 5:11.
- G3340 metanoéō (to think differently or afterwards... repent): This word provides the reason for Christ's rebuke in Matthew 11:20, where he began to upbraid the cities because they did not repent.
- G987 blasphēméō (to vilify; specially, to speak impiously... revile, speak evil): In 1 Peter 4:14, this word is contrasted with the believer's experience. While they are reproached for Christ, on the part of their accusers, Christ is evil spoken of (blasphemed).
The theological weight of G3679 is significant, touching on key Christian doctrines.
- The Nature of Persecution: To be reproached for the name of Christ is presented not as a mark of shame but as a reason for happiness, because it signifies that the Spirit of God rests upon the believer 1 Peter 4:14. It is an expected part of the Christian life 1 Timothy 4:10.
- A Call to Repentance: The act of upbraiding by Jesus is not a petty insult but a righteous rebuke aimed at confronting unbelief Mark 16:14 and calling people to repent Matthew 11:20.
- Christ's Vicarious Suffering: The word is used to show Christ's identification with humanity's dishonor. The reproaches of those who reproached God fell on Him Romans 15:3, and he endured being reviled by those crucified with him Mark 15:32.
- The Generosity of God: God's character stands in stark opposition to human reproach. He gives generously and "upbraideth not," highlighting a divine nature that invites relationship rather than driving people away with scorn James 1:5.
In summary, G3679 is a powerful word that captures the harsh reality of scorn and rebuke. It defines both the unjust hostility believers face from the world and the just chastisement from Christ intended to produce faith and repentance. Ultimately, it serves to contrast the failings of humanity with the perfect, non-reproachful character of God, who offers His gifts freely.
TRV