The Greek word nomothetéō, represented by G3549, means to legislate, be established, or receive the law. It derives from νομοθέτης and appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible. Its use focuses on the establishment and sanctioning of divine laws and covenants.
Both occurrences of G3549 are found in the book of Hebrews, where it is used to contrast the old and new covenants. In one context, it refers to the Mosaic law, stating that under G1909 the Levitical priesthood G2420 the people G2992 received the law G3549 Hebrews 7:11. In the other, it describes the new covenant, which was established G3549 upon G1909 better G2909 promises G1860, highlighting the superior nature of Christ's work Hebrews 8:6.
Several related words help clarify the framework in which G3549 is used:
- G1242 diathḗkē (covenant, testament): This word is central to both passages, providing the context of the legal and contractual arrangement being discussed, whether old or new Hebrews 8:6.
- G2420 hierōsýnē (priesthood): The law was given in the context of a specific priesthood, and the introduction of a new priesthood necessitates a change in the law itself Hebrews 7:11.
- G2909 kreíttōn (better, nobler): This comparative term is used to describe the promises upon which the new covenant is established G3549, directly contrasting it with the former system Hebrews 8:6.
- G3316 mesítēs (mediator): The new covenant is not only established G3549 on better promises but is also administered by a mediator with a more excellent ministry Hebrews 8:6.
The theological importance of G3549 is centered on the transition from the law of Moses to the covenant in Christ.
- The Law and the Priesthood: The word is used to show the inseparable link between the Mosaic law and the Levitical priesthood G2420. The people "received the law" under that specific priestly system Hebrews 7:11.
- Insufficiency of the Old System: The use of G3549 in Hebrews 7:11 is part of an argument showing that the system under which the law was received could not bring perfection G5050, thus requiring a new order.
- Establishment of a New Covenant: The word demonstrates that the new covenant is not lawless but is itself a divinely sanctioned system, established G3549 on a superior foundation of better G2909 promises Hebrews 8:6.
In summary, G3549 nomothetéō is a specific term for the enactment or reception of law. Though used only twice, its placement in Hebrews is critical. It defines both the old system, where the people received the law under the Levitical priesthood, and the new, where a better G2909 covenant was established by a new mediator G3316. The word powerfully frames the shift from the limited framework of the Mosaic law to the superior and lasting covenant in Christ.
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