The Greek word mikrós, represented by G3398, is a primary term for small. It appears 30 times across 30 unique verses in the Bible. Its definition encompasses being small in size, quantity, number, or, figuratively, in dignity, where it can be translated as "least" or "little."
Beyond its straightforward denotation of physical or quantitative smallness, G3398 often carries a qualitative nuance, frequently implying a state of lowliness, insignificance, or humble standing in the eyes of the world. This qualitative dimension positions mikrós as a descriptor that can evoke a sense of vulnerability or unimportance, thereby setting the stage for the profound inversions of value that characterize the teachings of Jesus and the nature of God's kingdom. It is this underlying sense of perceived inadequacy or lack of prominence that God frequently chooses to elevate, demonstrating His power and wisdom through what humanity might deem insignificant.
In biblical usage, G3398 is applied in several distinct ways. It describes physical size, such as the mustard seed being the "least of all seeds" Matthew 13:32 or Zacchaeus being "little of stature" Luke 19:3. It also refers to a small quantity, as with "a little leaven" Galatians 5:9 or the church that had "a little strength" yet remained faithful Revelation 3:8. Figuratively, it denotes people of humble status, particularly the "little ones" who believe in Jesus Matthew 18:10 and those considered "least" in the kingdom of heaven Matthew 11:11. The word is also used to signify a short duration, as in resting for "a little season" Revelation 6:11.
The term also consistently appears in contexts that emphasize the comprehensive scope of God's judgment and salvation, particularly through the recurring phrase "small and great." This pairing, often used in Revelation, serves as a rhetorical device to signify the inclusion of all humanity, without exception, before God's throne. Whether in judgment or worship, no individual, regardless of their earthly status or perceived importance, is exempt from God's gaze or His ultimate reckoning. For instance, in the apocalyptic visions, the dead, "small and great," stand before God for judgment Revelation 20:12, and a voice from the throne calls for praise from all servants, "both small and great" Revelation 19:5. Similarly, this universal address is seen in the call to witness to "small and great" in the early church Acts 26:22 and in the prophetic promise that "all shall know me, from the least to the greatest" in the new covenant Hebrews 8:11. This usage underscores the impartiality and all-encompassing nature of divine interaction with humankind.
Several related words provide contrast and context to the concept of smallness:
- G3173 mégas: This word for big is frequently used as a direct contrast to G3398. The pairing of "small and great" appears repeatedly to signify the inclusion of all people, regardless of status, in God's judgment and reward (Revelation 11:18, Revelation 20:12, Acts 26:22).
- G3641 olígos: Meaning puny or few, this term is used in a similar context to G3398. In James, the tongue is called a "little (mikrós) member" that kindles a "little (olígos) fire," illustrating how two different words for "small" can be used together to emphasize a point James 3:5.
- G3397 mikrón (a little): This is the neuter singular of G3398 used substantively or adverbially, often referring to "a little while" or "a little quantity." It directly extends the concept of smallness into temporal or quantitative measurements, highlighting its versatility in expressing limited duration or amount.
The theological weight of G3398 is significant, highlighting key principles of the kingdom of God.
- Humility and Greatness: The term is central to the teaching that worldly status is inverted in God's kingdom. He that is "least in the kingdom of God" is greater than the greatest prophet born of women Luke 7:28, and the one who is "least among you all, the same shall be great" Luke 9:48.
- Care for the Vulnerable: Scripture places immense value on the "little ones," a term for humble believers. Severe warnings are given to any who would cause one of these "little ones" to stumble Matthew 18:6. God's will is that not one of these "little ones" should perish Matthew 18:14, and He encourages His "little flock" not to fear, for it is the Father's good pleasure to give them the kingdom Luke 12:32.
- The Power of the Seemingly Insignificant: The concept that something small can have a massive impact is a recurring theme. "A little leaven" can leaven the whole lump 1 Corinthians 5:6, and even a small act of kindness, like giving a cup of cold water to one of the "little ones," will not lose its reward Matthew 10:42.
- Divine Timing and Eschatological Patience: The use of G3398 to denote a "little season" or "a little while" carries significant theological weight, particularly in eschatological contexts. It speaks to God's sovereign control over time and the divine appointment of all events. This temporal smallness often implies a period of waiting, testing, or suffering that is limited and purposeful within God's larger plan. For the martyrs under the altar, they are told to "rest yet for a little season" Revelation 6:11 before final judgment. Similarly, Jesus' statements about being with His disciples "yet a little while" John 7:33, John 12:35 convey both the imminence of His departure and the limited window of opportunity for His earthly ministry, urging immediate response. Even the binding of Satan is for "a little season" Revelation 20:3, indicating a finite period before his final release and subsequent defeat. This theme reassures believers of God's ultimate control and the eventual fulfillment of His promises, even through periods of brevity.
The Greek term G3398 mikrós is a rich and multifaceted word that extends far beyond a simple quantitative descriptor of size. While it certainly denotes "small" in physical dimensions, quantity, or number, its biblical usage frequently delves into more profound qualitative and theological realms, describing individuals of humble status, brief durations, and concepts that appear insignificant from a worldly perspective. It illustrates the counter-cultural values of God's kingdom, where what is deemed "least" by human standards is often held in high regard or chosen for divine purposes.
This word is central to understanding key kingdom principles, such as the inversion of status where the "least" are often the "greatest" in God's eyes, and the profound value God places on the vulnerable and humble, His "little ones." Furthermore, mikrós consistently highlights the power of the seemingly insignificant, whether it be a mustard seed growing into a large tree or a small amount of leaven affecting an entire batch. Its employment in phrases like "small and great" also powerfully communicates the universality of God's judgment and invitation, encompassing all people without distinction.
Finally, mikrós speaks to God's precise and sovereign control over time, particularly through phrases denoting a "little season" or "a little while." These temporal expressions reveal a divine patience and a predetermined schedule for the unfolding of His redemptive and eschatological plans. Thus, from the humble believer to the divinely appointed pause in history, mikrós serves as a foundational term, revealing that in God's economy, what appears small to human eyes is often imbued with immense significance and plays a crucial role in His grand design.
TRV