The Greek word mētralṓias, represented by G3389, is a specific term for a murderer of mothers. Derived from μήτηρ (mother) and the base of ἅλων (thresher), it paints a harsh picture of matricide. It appears only 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible, making its single usage highly significant.
The sole appearance of G3389 is in 1 Timothy 1:9. Here, the word is part of a list of severe sins, illustrating the purpose of the law. The text explains that the law is not made for a righteous man G1342, but for those who are lawless and rebellious. It is listed alongside murderers of fathers G3964 and manslayers G409, placing it among the most grievous offenses against God and humanity. The context makes it clear that such actions are characteristic of the lawless G459, the ungodly G765, and sinners G268.
Several related words in its immediate context clarify its meaning and severity:
- G3964 patralṓias (murderer of fathers): This word appears directly beside mētralṓias in 1 Timothy 1:9, forming a pair that condemns the ultimate violation of parental honor. Its definition is a parricide.
- G409 androphónos (manslayer): Following the terms for murdering parents, this word broadens the condemnation to include the general act of murder. It is defined simply as a murderer.
- G459 ánomos (lawless): This term sets the context for the entire list in 1 Timothy 1:9. It describes someone who is wicked and not subject to the law, providing the category under which a murderer of mothers falls.
- G765 asebḗs (ungodly): This word, defined as irreverent, i.e. (by extension) impious or wicked, is used in the same list to describe the character of those for whom the law is made 1 Timothy 1:9.
The theological weight of G3389 is demonstrated through its specific context.
- The Purpose of the Law: Its inclusion in 1 Timothy 1:9 serves as a stark example of why the law exists. It is not made for a righteous man G1342 but is established to identify and restrain extreme wickedness.
- Defining Unrighteousness: The term provides a concrete example of what it means to be lawless G459, unholy G462, and profane G952. The act of matricide is presented as a pinnacle of godless behavior.
- The Depth of Sin: By using such a specific and shocking term, the text highlights the extent of human depravity that separates a sinner G268 from God. It stands in direct opposition to a life governed by righteousness.
In summary, while G3389 is an exceedingly rare word in scripture, its single use is powerful. It functions as a potent example within a list of sins that define the purpose and necessity of the law. By being placed alongside other severe transgressions, mētralṓias helps to draw a sharp line between the righteous, who live according to God's will, and the ungodly, for whom the restraints of the law are intended.
TRV