### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek phrase **eàn mḗ**, represented by `{{G3362}}`, is a compound term formed from ἐάν `{{G1437}}` and μή `{{G3361}}`. It functions as a crucial conditional particle, meaning **if not** or **unless**. It appears **77 times** across **59 unique verses**, serving to introduce a condition that must be met for a particular outcome to be realized.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G3362}}` is used to establish absolute, non-negotiable requirements. Jesus employs it to define the terms for entering God's kingdom, stating that **unless** a man is born `{{G1080}}` again `{{G509}}`, he cannot `{{G1410}}` see `{{G1492}}` the kingdom `{{G932}}` of God `{{G2316}}` [[John 3:3]]. This is further clarified when he says a man cannot enter `{{G1525}}` the kingdom of God **unless** he is born of water `{{G5204}}` and the Spirit `{{G4151}}` [[John 3:5]]. The phrase also frames the conditions for discipleship and spiritual fruitfulness, as seen when Jesus explains that a branch `{{G2814}}` cannot bear `{{G5342}}` fruit `{{G2590}}` of itself **unless** it abides `{{G3306}}` in the vine `{{G288}}` [[John 15:4]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the function and context of `{{G3362}}`:
* `{{G1437}}` **eán** (if): As a primary component, this conditional particle introduces the hypothetical case or provision upon which the main clause depends.
* `{{G3361}}` **mḗ** (not): This particle provides the qualified negation, creating the "if not" or "unless" sense of the complete phrase.
* `{{G1410}}` **dýnamai** (to be able or possible): This word often appears in the main clause to state what is impossible without the fulfillment of the condition introduced by `{{G3362}}`, such as "no man **can** come to me, **except** the Father... draw him" [[John 6:44]].
* `{{G3756}}` **ou** (no or not): This absolute negative is frequently paired with verbs in the main clause to create the negative statements that `{{G3362}}` qualifies, as in "he **cannot** see the kingdom of God, **except** a man be born again" [[John 3:3]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G3362}}` is immense, structuring some of the most critical doctrines of faith by setting forth divine requirements.
* **Conditions for Salvation:** The phrase repeatedly establishes the necessary conditions for entering the kingdom of heaven `{{G3772}}`. One cannot enter **unless** they are converted `{{G4762}}` and become like little children `{{G3813}}` [[Matthew 18:3]], and **unless** their righteousness exceeds that of the scribes `{{G1122}}` and Pharisees `{{G5330}}` [[Matthew 5:20]].
* **Divine Sovereignty:** `{{G3362}}` is used to highlight divine initiative in salvation. No man `{{G3762}}` can `{{G1410}}` come `{{G2064}}` to Jesus **unless** the Father `{{G3962}}` draws `{{G1670}}` him [[John 6:44]]. Likewise, a man `{{G444}}` can receive `{{G2983}}` nothing `{{G3762}}` **unless** it is given `{{G1325}}` to him from heaven `{{G3772}}` [[John 3:27]].
* **The Necessity of Faith and Repentance:** The term underscores the required response for spiritual life. One must believe `{{G4100}}` in Jesus, for **if not**, they will die `{{G599}}` in their sins `{{G266}}` [[John 8:24]]. Repentance `{{G3340}}` is also presented as a non-negotiable condition, for **unless** people repent, they will all likewise perish `{{G622}}` [[Luke 13:3]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3362}}` is far more than a simple conjunction. It functions as a theological marker that establishes absolute conditions and divine prerequisites. From salvation and entering the kingdom of God to bearing spiritual fruit and maintaining a relationship with Christ, **eàn mḗ** clarifies that certain outcomes are impossible apart from the fulfillment of God's stated terms, reinforcing the structure of conditional truth within the gospel.
TRV