### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **metanoéō**, represented by `{{G3340}}`, is a key biblical term for repentance. It appears 36 times across 32 unique verses and is defined as to think differently or afterwards, to reconsider, or to feel moral compunction. This word captures the essential act of changing one's mind in a way that leads to a change in direction and behavior.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the New Testament, `{{G3340}}` is central to the gospel message. The call to **repent** is the first command in the preaching of both John the Baptist and Jesus, tied to the announcement that "the kingdom of heaven is at hand" ([[Matthew 3:2]], [[Matthew 4:17]]). The apostles continue this theme, with Peter commanding the crowds to **repent** and be baptized for the remission of sins [[Acts 2:38]]. Paul proclaims that God commands all people everywhere to **repent** [[Acts 17:30]]. The failure of cities like Chorazin and Bethsaida to **repent** in light of Jesus' mighty works brings a woe upon them [[Matthew 11:20-21]], while conversely, there is joy in heaven over one sinner who **repents** [[Luke 15:7]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related Greek words help clarify the full meaning of repentance:
* `{{G3341}}` **metánoia** (repentance): This is the direct noun form, defined as "compunction (for guilt, including reformation)." It signifies the state that results from the verb `{{G3340}}` and is often presented as the goal of the gospel call [[Matthew 9:13]], which should be accompanied by appropriate works [[Acts 26:20]].
* `{{G1994}}` **epistréphō** (to turn): This word, meaning "to revert" or "convert," is frequently paired with `{{G3340}}`. It highlights the tangible action that follows the internal change of mind, as seen in the command to **repent** and be converted [[Acts 3:19]] or to **repent** and turn to God [[Acts 26:20]].
* `{{G1651}}` **elénchō** (to rebuke, reprove): This term describes an action intended to produce repentance. In his message to the church in Laodicea, Christ states that He uses rebuke and chastening out of love, with the explicit goal that they should "be zealous therefore, and **repent**" [[Revelation 3:19]].
### Theological Significance
The theological importance of `{{G3340}}` is profound, establishing it as a critical component of Christian doctrine.
* **A Requirement for the Kingdom:** The act of repenting is presented as a non-negotiable condition for salvation and participation in God's kingdom. Jesus states, "except ye **repent**, ye shall all likewise perish" ([[Luke 13:3]], [[Luke 13:5]]). It is the initial step for receiving the forgiveness of sins [[Acts 2:38]].
* **Evidence in Action:** True repentance is not simply an intellectual decision but is proven by a changed life. Paul's preaching included the command to not only **repent** and turn to God but also to "do works meet for repentance" [[Acts 26:20]]. A refusal to **repent** is marked by a refusal to turn from wicked deeds ([[Revelation 9:21]], [[Revelation 16:11]]).
* **A Response to Divine Discipline:** The call to **repent** is often framed as the proper response to God's loving correction. Christ rebukes and chastens those He loves to lead them to repentance [[Revelation 3:19]]. This principle also applies to relationships between believers, where one is to forgive a brother who repents [[Luke 17:3]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G3340}}` is far more than a simple feeling of regret. It describes a radical and decisive change of mind that morally reorients a person toward God. As a foundational command of the gospel, **metanoéō** is presented as essential for entering the kingdom, is evidenced by a transformed life, and is the intended result of God's loving discipline. It demonstrates that in biblical thought, a change of mind is inseparable from a change of one's ultimate direction and destiny.
TRV