from ἀνά and the base of ἀγκάλη; constraint (literally or figuratively); by implication, distress:--distress, must needs, (of) necessity(-sary), needeth, needful.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **anánkē**, represented by `{{G318}}`, conveys a sense of constraint or distress. It appears **18 times** across **18 unique verses**, embodying concepts ranging from unavoidable circumstances and personal hardship to logical or divine requirements. Its meaning shifts between an external force causing affliction and an internal or structural compulsion that dictates an action must be taken.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G318}}` is used to describe both dire situations and binding obligations. It can refer to a time of great suffering, such as the "great **distress** in the land" prophesied in Luke's Gospel [[Luke 21:23]]. Paul also uses it to describe the "present **distress**," suggesting a period of ongoing trial [[1 Corinthians 7:26]]. Conversely, the word denotes a sense of requirement or compulsion. Paul states that "**necessity** is laid upon me" to preach the gospel [[1 Corinthians 9:16]], while in his letter to Philemon, he wishes for a good deed not to be of **necessity**, but willingly done [[Philemon 1:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words highlight the theme of hardship often associated with `{{G318}}`:
* `{{G2347}}` **thlîpsis** (pressure (literally or figuratively)): This term for affliction or tribulation is often paired with `{{G318}}`, as when Paul speaks of being comforted in "all our affliction and **distress**" [[1 Thessalonians 3:7]].
* `{{G4730}}` **stenochōría** (narrowness of room, i.e. (figuratively) calamity): Signifying anguish or distress, this word appears alongside `{{G318}}` in lists of ministerial hardships, such as in "afflictions, in **necessities**, in distresses" [[2 Corinthians 6:4]].
* `{{G1375}}` **diōgmós** (persecution): This word for persecution is included in a list of Paul's sufferings where he takes pleasure in infirmities, reproaches, **necessities**, and persecutions for Christ's sake [[2 Corinthians 12:10]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G318}}` is significant, touching on divine will, human choice, and the nature of suffering.
* **Divine Compulsion:** The term is used to express a divine imperative that cannot be ignored. Paul feels a **necessity** to preach, framing it as a woe to him if he does not [[1 Corinthians 9:16]]. This is not a reluctant duty, but a compelling purpose.
* **Freedom and Obligation:** The concept of **necessity** is contrasted with willing action, highlighting the value of free choice. This is seen in giving, which should not be done "of **necessity**," but cheerfully [[2 Corinthians 9:7]], and in Philemon's benefit, which should be voluntary [[Philemon 1:14]].
* **Theological Requirement:** `{{G318}}` establishes the logical and unchangeable requirements of God's plan. For a testament to be in force, there must "of **necessity** be the death of the testator" [[Hebrews 9:16]]. A change in priesthood also requires "of **necessity** a change also of the law" [[Hebrews 7:12]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G318}}` is a multifaceted term that encapsulates both the crushing pressure of external "distress" and the unyielding force of internal or logical "**necessity**." It is used to describe everything from the hardships of the end times to the foundational requirements of the New Covenant. The word illustrates the biblical tension between human suffering, divine compulsion, and the virtue of a willing heart.
TRV