adverb of a compound of μακρός and θυμός; with long (enduring) temper, i.e. leniently:--patiently.
Transliteration:makrothymṓs
Pronunciation:mak-roth-oo-moce'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adverb μακροθυμῶς (makrothymōs, `{{G3116}}`) is derived from the compound of μακρός (makros, `{{G3117}}`, "long") and θυμός (thymos, `{{G2372}}`, "temper, passion, anger"). As an adverb, it describes the *manner* in which an action is performed: "with long (enduring) temper," "patiently," or "with forbearance." It signifies a deliberate and sustained restraint of anger or a steadfast endurance in the face of provocation, opposition, or delay, without giving way to resentment or retaliation. Its semantic range emphasizes an active, enduring patience rather than passive resignation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
While the related noun μακροθυμία (makrothymia, `{{G3115}}`) and verb μακροθυμέω (makrothymeō, `{{G3114}}`) are found frequently in the New Testament, the adverb μακροθυμῶς (makrothymōs, `{{G3116}}`) does not appear in the canonical Greek New Testament. Its presence is noted in the Septuagint (LXX), the Greek translation of the Old Testament, where it is used to describe acting patiently or with forbearance (e.g., [[Isaiah 57:11]], [[Sirach 18:8]], [[Sirach 29:8]]). Despite its absence in the New Testament proper, the concept it conveys—acting with enduring patience—is profoundly expressed through its cognate forms and is central to both divine and human character as portrayed in the New Testament.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related terms that illuminate the meaning of μακροθυμῶς (makrothymōs, `{{G3116}}`) are its morphological kin:
* **μακροθυμία (makrothymia, `{{G3115}}`)**: The noun, meaning "long-suffering," "patience," or "endurance." This is the core concept of the word family, often referring to patience with people who provoke or cause difficulty.
* **μακροθυμέω (makrothymeō, `{{G3114}}`)**: The verb, meaning "to be long-suffering," "to show patience," or "to endure patiently." This verb describes the act of demonstrating this quality.
Other related concepts include:
* **ὑπομονή (hypomonē, `{{G5281}}`)**: "Endurance," "steadfastness." While often translated similarly to patience, ὑπομονή typically refers to endurance under difficult circumstances or trials, whereas μακροθυμία more specifically relates to patience with people or provocation, restraining anger.
* **ἀνοχή (anochē, `{{G426}}`)**: "Forbearance," "tolerance." This term emphasizes a temporary holding back of judgment or punishment.
The adverb μακροθυμῶς thus describes the *manner* in which the quality of μακροθυμία is demonstrated through the action of μακροθυμέω.
### Theological Significance
Although μακροθυμῶς (makrothymōs, `{{G3116}}`) is not found in the New Testament, the theological significance of "acting patiently" or "with long-suffering" is immense, primarily conveyed through its noun and verb forms.
1. **A Divine Attribute**: God is consistently portrayed as μακρόθυμος (long-suffering) and acts μακροθυμῶς. His patience is a cornerstone of His character, demonstrating His gracious delay of judgment and His desire for humanity's repentance. This divine long-suffering is evident in His dealings with Israel throughout the Old Testament (e.g., [[Exodus 34:6]]) and with all humanity in the New Testament (e.g., [[Romans 2:4]], where His "riches of forbearance and patience" are highlighted; [[2 Peter 3:9]], where His long-suffering allows for salvation). This divine patience is not weakness but a powerful, active love that endures provocation for the sake of redemption.
2. **A Christian Virtue**: Believers are called to emulate God's long-suffering. This "patient" manner of living is a hallmark of Christian conduct, particularly in relationships. It is listed as a fruit of the Spirit ([[Galatians 5:22]]) and is crucial for maintaining unity within the body of Christ ([[Ephesians 4:2]], "with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love"). Paul frequently exhorted believers to act μακροθυμῶς (through the verb form) in their ministry and personal lives ([[Colossians 3:12]], [[1 Timothy 1:16]]). This patience is a practical expression of love that refuses to be easily provoked and is willing to endure difficulties for the sake of others and the gospel.
### Summary
The adverb μακροθυμῶς (makrothymōs, `{{G3116}}`) encapsulates the concept of acting "patiently" or "with long-suffering." While it does not appear in the canonical Greek New Testament, its meaning is fully expressed and deeply significant through its cognate noun (μακροθυμία, `{{G3115}}`) and verb (μακροθυμέω, `{{G3114}}`). This patience is a fundamental attribute of God, demonstrating His gracious restraint and desire for salvation. Consequently, it is an essential virtue for believers, enabling them to endure provocation, bear with others in love, and persevere in faith, reflecting the very character of Christ. It signifies an active, enduring forbearance that refrains from immediate retaliation or anger, demonstrating profound spiritual maturity and love.
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