λύτρον

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word lýtron, represented by G3083, provides a specific and powerful definition for a ransom. It is defined as "something to loosen with, i.e. a redemption price (figuratively, atonement)". Despite its theological importance, it is a rare term, appearing only 2 times in 2 unique verses in the Bible.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In its biblical usage, G3083 is found in two parallel accounts where Jesus defines his own mission. He states that the Son of man came "not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many" (Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45). This context directly links the concept of the ransom to the sacrificial giving of one's own life as a redemptive price.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words found in these verses help clarify the meaning of the ransom:

• G1325 dídōmi (to give): This word is essential to the action of the ransom, as the life is something that must be given. The dossier shows this verb is used for the giving of the Son John 3:16, the giving of peace John 14:27, and the giving of laws into the mind Hebrews 8:10.
• G5590 psychḗ (life): This is the price of the ransom. It is defined as "breath, i.e. (by implication) spirit." In the context of the ransom verses, it is the "life" that is given Matthew 20:28. Elsewhere, it is used to describe the soul that we are to love God with Matthew 22:37 and the souls that the Bishop of our souls watches over 1 Peter 2:25.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G3083 is immense, defining a core aspect of atonement.

• A Redemption Price: The word's base definition as "something to loosen with" establishes that the ransom is a payment intended to achieve release or freedom for others.
• A Voluntary Act: The ransom is not taken, but is something that the Son of Man came specifically "to give" (Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45), highlighting the voluntary and purposeful nature of the sacrifice.
• The Ultimate Cost: The price paid is explicitly identified as "his life" G5590, indicating that the cost of this redemption is the highest possible sacrifice.

Summary

In summary, G3083 lýtron is a concise and potent term. While used sparingly, it provides a foundational understanding of the purpose of the Son of Man's coming. It articulates the concept of a "redemption price" that is willingly "given" and consists of the very "life" of the one paying it, establishing a key component of biblical soteriology.