The Greek word kopría, represented by G2874, refers to manure or a dunghill. It appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible. The term is derived from a word for ordure and is used to describe both a substance used as fertilizer and a place of refuse.
In its biblical appearances, G2874 illustrates two distinct concepts based on usefulness. In the parable of the barren fig tree, it is mentioned as a fertilizer in an effort to restore fruitfulness, where the vinedresser offers to "dung it" Luke 13:8. Conversely, in the context of salt that has lost its purpose, it is described as something not even "fit for the dunghill" Luke 14:35, signifying a state of absolute worthlessness that leads to it being cast away.
Several related words provide context for the use of G2874:
- G906 bállō (to throw): This verb is directly associated with G2874 in both of its occurrences. It describes the act of applying the manure Luke 13:8 and is also the verb used when worthless material is "cast out" because it is unfit even for the dunghill Luke 14:35.
- G1093 gē (soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe): This word for land or soil is explicitly contrasted with G2874. Salt that has lost its savor is deemed useful neither for the land G1093 nor the dunghill G2874, highlighting its complete lack of value Luke 14:35.
- G1854 éxō (out): This adverb specifies the destination of the worthless substance. Being unfit for the land or the dunghill, it is simply "cast out," signifying complete removal and rejection Luke 14:35.
The conceptual weight of G2874 centers on the themes of purpose and value.
- Instrument of Restoration: In the parable of the fig tree, G2874 symbolizes a final, gracious effort to produce fruit. The act of applying dung represents an intervention designed to bring life and productivity to that which is barren Luke 13:8.
- Benchmark for Worthlessness: The "dunghill" serves as a standard for something that has very little value but is still useful. To be considered unfit even for the dunghill, as the useless salt is, implies a state of absolute and final worthlessness Luke 14:35.
- Principle of Usefulness: The word's usage underscores a principle where value is tied to purpose. Whether as a fertilizer to encourage growth or as refuse with a final use, its context revolves around function. Lacking any function leads to being cast out entirely.
In summary, G2874 is a specific term whose meaning is defined by its function. It can represent a humble but vital agent for promoting life and fruitfulness, or it can denote a place of refuse that itself serves as a final measure of utility. The uses of kopría in scripture provide a powerful illustration of the biblical concepts of purpose, value, and the consequences of becoming utterly useless.
TRV