The Greek word kópos, represented by G2873, describes a form of toil that reduces one's strength. Derived from a word meaning "a cut," it conveys intense effort, weariness, pains, or the trouble caused by others. It appears 19 times across 19 unique verses in the Bible, illustrating both the burdens of life and the meaningful efforts of believers.
In scripture, G2873 is used in several key contexts. It describes the exhausting nature of apostolic ministry, where it is listed alongside hardships like imprisonments and stripes (2 Corinthians 6:5, 2 Corinthians 11:23). It can also signify causing trouble or annoyance, as when Jesus asks why the disciples trouble the woman with the alabaster box Mark 14:6, or when a man does not want to be bothered by a neighbor at night Luke 11:7. However, the word also carries a positive connotation for work done in faith. The "labour of love" is something God will not forget Hebrews 6:10, and believers are assured their labour in the Lord is not in vain 1 Corinthians 15:58.
Several related words help clarify the meaning of G2873:
- G2872 kopiáō (to feel fatigue; by implication, to work hard): This verb is the action counterpart to kópos, signifying the act of toiling to the point of weariness. Jesus uses it to distinguish between the disciples' role and the work others had done before them John 4:38.
- G2041 érgon (toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act): Often paired with kópos, this term refers to the "work" or "deed" itself. The church in Ephesus is commended for its "works, and thy labour" Revelation 2:2.
- G3449 móchthos (toil, i.e. (by implication) sadness): This word is used with kópos to emphasize grievous, painful toil. Paul describes his ministry as working with "labour and travail" to avoid being a burden 1 Thessalonians 2:9.
- G373 anapaúō ((reflexively) to repose... to refresh... rest): This term for rest stands in direct contrast to kópos. The blessed dead are promised that they will rest from their labours Revelation 14:13.
The theological weight of G2873 is significant, framing the nature of Christian life and service.
- Purposeful Hardship: The word establishes that the Christian walk involves genuine, strength-sapping effort. Paul's ministry was defined by his "weariness and painfulness" 2 Corinthians 11:27, undertaken for the sake of the gospel.
- Motivation of Love: Christian labour is not mere toil but is qualified as a "labour of love" 1 Thessalonians 1:3. This effort, motivated by agápē, is what makes it valuable in God's sight Hebrews 6:10.
- Eternal Reward: Scripture promises that this intense effort is not meaningless. There is a reward for such labour 1 Corinthians 3:8, and an ultimate promise of rest from it in the presence of the Lord Revelation 14:13.
- Contrast with Vanity: The term is used to draw a sharp line between empty effort and fruitful service. Paul worried his labour might be "in vain" 1 Thessalonians 3:5, but affirmed to the Corinthians that their labour "is not in vain in the Lord" 1 Corinthians 15:58.
In summary, G2873 is a multifaceted term that captures the exhaustive effort inherent in a fallen world and in dedicated spiritual service. It encompasses the pains of apostolic hardship, the annoyance of being troubled, and the rewarding work of faith. Ultimately, kópos illustrates that while the Christian life may involve intense and wearying toil, this labor, when done for the Lord, carries an eternal purpose and leads to a promised rest.
TRV