### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **kópos**, represented by `{{G2873}}`, describes a form of toil that reduces one's strength. Derived from a word meaning "a cut," it conveys intense effort, weariness, pains, or the trouble caused by others. It appears **19 times** across **19 unique verses** in the Bible, illustrating both the burdens of life and the meaningful efforts of believers.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G2873}}` is used in several key contexts. It describes the exhausting nature of apostolic ministry, where it is listed alongside hardships like imprisonments and stripes ([[2 Corinthians 6:5]], [[2 Corinthians 11:23]]). It can also signify causing trouble or annoyance, as when Jesus asks why the disciples **trouble** the woman with the alabaster box [[Mark 14:6]], or when a man does not want to be bothered by a neighbor at night [[Luke 11:7]]. However, the word also carries a positive connotation for work done in faith. The "labour of love" is something God will not forget [[Hebrews 6:10]], and believers are assured their **labour** in the Lord is not in vain [[1 Corinthians 15:58]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{G2873}}`:
* `{{G2872}}` **kopiáō** (to feel fatigue; by implication, to work hard): This verb is the action counterpart to `kópos`, signifying the act of toiling to the point of weariness. Jesus uses it to distinguish between the disciples' role and the work others had done before them [[John 4:38]].
* `{{G2041}}` **érgon** (toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act): Often paired with `kópos`, this term refers to the "work" or "deed" itself. The church in Ephesus is commended for its "works, and thy **labour**" [[Revelation 2:2]].
* `{{G3449}}` **móchthos** (toil, i.e. (by implication) sadness): This word is used with `kópos` to emphasize grievous, painful toil. Paul describes his ministry as working with "**labour** and travail" to avoid being a burden [[1 Thessalonians 2:9]].
* `{{G373}}` **anapaúō** ((reflexively) to repose... to refresh... rest): This term for rest stands in direct contrast to `kópos`. The blessed dead are promised that they will **rest** from their **labours** [[Revelation 14:13]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2873}}` is significant, framing the nature of Christian life and service.
* **Purposeful Hardship:** The word establishes that the Christian walk involves genuine, strength-sapping effort. Paul’s ministry was defined by his "weariness and painfulness" [[2 Corinthians 11:27]], undertaken for the sake of the gospel.
* **Motivation of Love:** Christian **labour** is not mere toil but is qualified as a "**labour** of love" [[1 Thessalonians 1:3]]. This effort, motivated by `agápē`, is what makes it valuable in God's sight [[Hebrews 6:10]].
* **Eternal Reward:** Scripture promises that this intense effort is not meaningless. There is a reward for such **labour** [[1 Corinthians 3:8]], and an ultimate promise of rest from it in the presence of the Lord [[Revelation 14:13]].
* **Contrast with Vanity:** The term is used to draw a sharp line between empty effort and fruitful service. Paul worried his **labour** might be "in vain" [[1 Thessalonians 3:5]], but affirmed to the Corinthians that their **labour** "is not in vain in the Lord" [[1 Corinthians 15:58]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2873}}` is a multifaceted term that captures the exhaustive effort inherent in a fallen world and in dedicated spiritual service. It encompasses the pains of apostolic hardship, the annoyance of being troubled, and the rewarding work of faith. Ultimately, `kópos` illustrates that while the Christian life may involve intense and wearying toil, this labor, when done for the Lord, carries an eternal purpose and leads to a promised rest.
TRV