The Greek word komáō, represented by G2863, is a verb meaning to wear tresses of hair or to have long hair. It is derived from the word for hair, κόμη (kómē). This specific term appears only 2 times in the Bible, both within a single passage, which establishes its entire scriptural context.
The use of G2863 is confined to a direct contrast presented in the book of 1 Corinthians. The apostle Paul argues that nature itself teaches that if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him 1 Corinthians 11:14. Immediately following, he states that if a woman have long hair, it is a glory to her, explaining that her hair is given to her for a covering 1 Corinthians 11:15. This juxtaposition defines the word's application in the New Testament.
Several related Greek words from this passage clarify the meaning of G2863:
- G2864 kómē: The noun for hair, specifically ornamental locks of hair on the head. It is the root of G2863 and is identified as the covering given to a woman 1 Corinthians 11:15.
- G819 atimía: This word means shame or disgrace. It is used to describe the condition of a man who has long hair 1 Corinthians 11:14.
- G1135 gynḗ: Meaning a woman or wife, this term identifies who receives glory for having long hair 1 Corinthians 11:15.
- G4018 peribólaion: This term for a covering or vesture is used to explain the function of a woman's long hair 1 Corinthians 11:15.
The theological significance of G2863 is drawn entirely from its context regarding order and distinction.
- Glory and Shame: The act of having long hair is presented as a matter of either glory or shame G819, depending on whether the person is a woman or a man. For a woman, it is glory; for a man, it is a disgrace 1 Corinthians 11:14-15.
- Natural Teaching: The argument is based on an appeal to what "nature itself" teaches, suggesting that these distinctions are inherent and observable.
- A Given Covering: For a woman, long hair is not merely an adornment but is described as something "given her for a covering" G4018, linking physical appearance to a specific role or function 1 Corinthians 11:15.
In summary, G2863 is a highly specific verb whose meaning is defined by its two appearances in scripture. It does not simply mean "to have long hair" in a neutral sense, but carries significant weight within the context of 1 Corinthians 11. The word serves to establish a distinction between men and women, linking the practice to the concepts of natural order, glory, and shame.
TRV