### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb κλίνω (klínō, `{{G2827}}`) is a primary verb carrying the fundamental sense of "to slant" or "to slope." This core meaning extends to a semantic range encompassing various forms of inclination, both literal and figurative. Literally, it describes physical actions such as "to incline," "to bend," "to bow," or "to recline." This can refer to the bending of a head, the reclining posture at a meal, or the laying down of an object. Figuratively, κλίνω can denote the "declining" or "passing" of time (as in the day drawing to a close), or the "turning to flight" of an enemy, implying a movement away or a reversal of position. The nuance of "wearing away" or "being far spent" also emerges from its application to time or strength.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
κλίνω appears a limited number of times in the New Testament, yet its occurrences are profoundly significant.
One prominent usage describes the act of reclining or laying one's head down. In [[Matthew 8:20]] and [[Luke 9:58]], Jesus states, "Foxes have dens and birds have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay His head." Here, κλίνω (specifically, its derivative pou klínei tēn kephalēn) underscores Jesus' radical identification with the marginalized and his voluntary relinquishment of earthly comforts, highlighting his humble, itinerant ministry.
A pivotal occurrence is found in [[John 19:30]], where, after declaring "It is finished," Jesus "bowed His head and gave up His spirit." This is not a passive drooping of the head in death, but an intentional, active "bowing" (klinas tēn kephalēn), signifying a deliberate and voluntary surrender of His life, a conscious act of obedience and completion of His redemptive work.
The verb also describes the passage of time. In [[Luke 24:29]], the disciples on the road to Emmaus urge Jesus, "Stay with us, for it is toward evening, and the day is now far spent" (kekliken hē hēmera). Here, κλίνω conveys the idea of the day declining, emphasizing the lateness of the hour and the urgency of their plea for continued fellowship.
Finally, in a more martial context, [[Hebrews 11:34]] speaks of those by faith who "put foreign armies to flight" (eklinan paremboleis allotriōn). This usage denotes causing an enemy to turn away or retreat, illustrating the power of faith to overcome overwhelming opposition and achieve victory.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of κλίνω intersects with several related concepts and, by extension, other Greek terms. The idea of "lying down" or "reclining" connects it to words like ἀνακεῖμαι (anakeimai, to recline at table, `{{G345}}`) or κοιμάω (koimao, to sleep, `{{G2837}}`), though κλίνω specifically emphasizes the *act* of inclining or bending. Its use in the context of bowing the head relates to concepts of submission, death, or completion, though it is distinct from words like προσκυνέω (proskyneo, to worship by prostrating, `{{G4352}}`) which implies a deeper act of veneration. The sense of "turning to flight" aligns with verbs of fleeing or retreating, such as φεύγω (pheugō, to flee, `{{G5343}}`), highlighting a strategic withdrawal or rout. The "declining of the day" connects to broader themes of time's passage and the approach of an end (τέλος, telos, end, `{{G5056}}`).
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of κλίνω is multi-faceted. In the context of Jesus having "no place to lay His head," it profoundly underscores His kenosis, His self-emptying and identification with the most vulnerable. It speaks to the radical nature of His incarnational ministry, devoid of worldly comforts, and His call for discipleship that prioritizes the Kingdom over earthly security.
The bowing of Jesus' head on the cross in [[John 19:30]] is laden with theological weight. Far from a passive surrender to death, it signifies a deliberate, sovereign act. It is the posture of one who has completed His mission, willingly yielding His spirit in perfect obedience to the Father's will. This active "bowing" highlights the voluntary nature of His sacrifice and the triumphant declaration, "It is finished," marking the culmination of God's plan of salvation.
The "day being far spent" in [[Luke 24:29]] serves as a poignant reminder of the fleeting nature of opportunities and the urgency of recognizing and abiding with Christ. It subtly points to the eschatological reality of time's progression and the need for spiritual vigilance and fellowship.
Finally, the act of "putting armies to flight" in [[Hebrews 11:34]] demonstrates the divine power at work through faith. It illustrates how God empowers His people to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles, transforming situations of defeat into victory through His intervention. This speaks to God's sovereignty and His faithfulness to those who trust in Him.
### Summary
κλίνω (klínō, `{{G2827}}`) is a versatile Greek verb that moves from the literal sense of physical inclination or reclining to profound figurative meanings. Its core meaning of "to slant" or "to bend" finds expression in biblical narratives describing Jesus' humble lack of a dwelling place, His sovereign act of yielding His life on the cross, the declining of a day, and the routing of enemy armies. Theologically, κλίνω illuminates Christ's radical humility and identification with humanity, the voluntary and completed nature of His atoning sacrifice, the urgency of fellowship with Him in the face of passing time, and the victorious power of faith empowered by God. Each usage, though distinct, contributes to a rich tapestry of meaning, revealing aspects of Christ's character, God's redemptive plan, and the experience of faith.
TRV