### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **kateídōlos**, represented by `{{G2712}}`, is a potent term meaning **utterly idolatrous** or **wholly given to idolatry**. Its definition is derived from an intensive form of κατά and εἴδωλον. This specific word appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the Bible, highlighting its very specific application.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single occurrence of `{{G2712}}` is found in the account of Paul's visit to Athens. While Paul `{{G3972}}` was waiting for his companions, he observed the city `{{G4172}}` and perceived it to be **wholly given to idolatry** `{{G2712}}`. This observation provoked a strong reaction, as the text notes that his spirit `{{G4151}}` was stirred in him [[Acts 17:16]]. The word vividly captures the overwhelming saturation of idols in the Athenian culture that confronted the apostle.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several words in the immediate context of [[Acts 17:16]] illuminate the meaning of `{{G2712}}`:
* `{{G116}}` **Athēnai** (Athens): The setting for this event is the capitol of Greece, a center of philosophy and culture that was also filled with objects of worship [[Acts 17:16]].
* `{{G3947}}` **paroxýnō** (to exasperate:--easily provoke, stir): This word describes the deep emotional and spiritual reaction Paul had upon seeing the city's condition. His spirit was "stirred" or provoked by the pervasive idolatry.
* `{{G2334}}` **theōréō** (to be a spectator of, i.e. discern...:--behold, consider, look on, perceive, see): This indicates that Paul was not just casually looking but was discerning and contemplating the spiritual state of the city, which he identified as being utterly idolatrous [[Acts 17:16]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2712}}` is concentrated in its single, impactful use.
* **Defining a Spiritual Atmosphere:** The term is not used to describe a single idol but the entire state of a city `{{G4172}}`. It signifies a culture completely submerged in idolatry, where false worship has permeated public life.
* **A Catalyst for Mission:** Paul’s observation of Athens being **wholly given to idolatry** [[Acts 17:16]] directly results in his spirit being "stirred" `{{G3947}}`. This righteous indignation serves as the immediate catalyst for his ministry in that city.
* **The Offense of Idolatry:** The use of such a strong, intensive word underscores the gravity of idolatry from a biblical perspective. It is presented as a condition that should rightly provoke and stir the spirit of a believer.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2712}}` **kateídōlos** is a highly specific and descriptive term. Though used only once in Scripture, its appearance in [[Acts 17:16]] provides a powerful snapshot of the spiritual landscape of Athens through Paul's eyes. It encapsulates not only the visual reality of a city filled with idols but also the profound spiritual state of being "utterly idolatrous," a condition that deeply stirred the apostle's spirit.
TRV