κατατοξεύω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word katatoxeúō, represented by G2700, means to shoot down with an arrow or other missile, and is translated as thrust through. It is a highly specific term, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the New Testament. Its meaning is derived from the Greek words κατά and a derivative of τόξον.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The sole appearance of G2700 is in Hebrews 12:20. This verse recalls the command given to the Israelites at Mount Sinai, which established a strict and deadly boundary around the mountain where God's presence dwelt. The text states that if even a beast were to touch the mountain, "it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart" Hebrews 12:20. The use of this word emphasizes the lethal consequence of unauthorized approach to a holy space.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words in the same passage clarify the context and meaning of G2700:

• G3036 lithoboléō (to throw stones, i.e. lapidate:--stone, cast stones): This is presented in Hebrews 12:20 as the alternative punishment to being "thrust through," highlighting the certainty of death for any who trespassed.
• G2345 thingánō (to manipulate... i.e. have to do with... to injure:--handle, touch): This is the action that triggers the deadly penalty. The command forbade anyone to even touch the mountain Hebrews 12:20.
• G1002 bolís (a missile, i.e. javelin:--dart): This word is used directly with G2700 to specify the instrument of execution, clarifying that the animal would be "thrust through with a dart" Hebrews 12:20.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G2700 is tied directly to its singular, dramatic context.

• The Holiness of God: The word's use to describe a fatal punishment for merely touching the mountain underscores the terrifying and unapproachable nature of God's holiness under the Old Covenant.
• The Severity of the Law: Its inclusion in the command at Sinai illustrates the absolute and severe nature of the Law. The penalty was not just for humans but for any creature, emphasizing a strict, physical boundary between the holy and the profane.
• Old vs. New Covenant: The author of Hebrews uses this powerful imagery of being "thrust through" to contrast the fear at Sinai with the grace and access to God available through Jesus in the New Covenant.

Summary

In summary, G2700 is a rare but impactful word. Its single use in Hebrews 12:20 is critical for conveying the awe and terror associated with the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai. It vividly portrays the lethal consequences of violating sacred ground, thereby magnifying the grace of the New Covenant where believers are invited to draw near to God.