Word Study for G2666 (καταπίνω)

katapínō /kat-ap-ee'-no/ Ask about this word

Rootfrom κατά and πίνω

Meaningto drink down, i.e. gulp entire (literally or figuratively)

KJV usagedevour, drown, swallow (up).

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of katapínō — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word katapínō, represented by G2666, means to drink down or gulp entire. It appears 7 times across 7 unique verses in the Bible. Its definition encompasses both literal and figurative consumption, with renderings such as devour, drown, and swallow (up). The word conveys a sense of being completely overwhelmed or consumed, whether by a physical force or an abstract power.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In scripture, G2666 is used to illustrate total consumption in various contexts. It depicts a literal physical act when the earth opened her mouth and swallowed up a flood Revelation 12:16, or when the Egyptians who were assaying to cross the Red Sea were drowned Hebrews 11:29. Figuratively, it describes the destructive aim of the devil, who as a roaring lion seeks whom he may devour 1 Peter 5:8. The term is also used to express being overcome by emotion, as in the warning that a person might be swallowed up with overmuch sorrow 2 Corinthians 2:7.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide a fuller picture of the contexts in which G2666 appears:

G2288 thánatos (death): This is the ultimate enemy which is to be swallowed up in victory, showing the finality of Christ's triumph 1 Corinthians 15:54.
G3534 nîkos (victory): This is the force by which death is overcome, demonstrating that being swallowed up can be an act of conquest and triumph, not just destruction 1 Corinthians 15:54.
G476 antídikos (adversary): This term identifies the enemy, specifically the devil, whose intent is to devour the faithful, highlighting the spiritual danger that necessitates vigilance 1 Peter 5:8.
G3077 lýpē (sorrow): This word for sadness or grief can become so overwhelming that it figuratively threatens to swallow up a person, showing the intense power of human emotion 2 Corinthians 2:7.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G2666 is significant, highlighting concepts of both ultimate destruction and ultimate victory.

The Final Defeat of Death: The most prominent theological use of this word is to describe the end of mortality. Both death and that which is mortal are said to be swallowed up, by victory and by life, respectively (1 Corinthians 15:54, 2 Corinthians 5:4).
The Nature of Spiritual Warfare: The word is used to characterize the predatory nature of the believer's adversary. The warning that the devil seeks to devour Christians frames the spiritual life as one requiring sobriety and vigilance against a real and present danger 1 Peter 5:8.
The Power of Forgiveness and Comfort: The concern that a person could be swallowed up with sorrow underscores the importance of community care. It implies that without forgiveness and comfort from fellow believers, grief can become a consuming, destructive force 2 Corinthians 2:7.

Summary

In summary, G2666 is a powerful word that signifies complete consumption. It is used literally to describe drowning and the earth swallowing a flood. However, its figurative applications carry profound theological meaning, illustrating the destructive potential of a spiritual adversary and overwhelming sorrow, as well as the complete and final triumph of life and victory over death. The word masterfully captures the essence of being entirely overcome, whether by peril or by salvation.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Greek New Testament, this word appears as a verb across 7 occurrences, inflected in 6 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form.

Aorist Passive Subjunctive 3rd Singular 2×
2nd Aorist Active Indicative 3rd Singular 1×
2nd Aorist Active Infinitive 1×
Aorist Passive Indicative 3rd Plural 1×
Aorist Passive Indicative 3rd Singular 1×
Present Active Participle Vocative Plural Masculine 1×

Vocative: Direct address — naming who is spoken to.
Singular: One.
Plural: More than one.
Masculine: Masculine grammatical gender.
2nd: Second person — the one addressed ("you").
3rd: Third person — the one spoken about ("he"/"they").
Present: Action in progress or repeated — happening now or continually.
Aorist: Action viewed as a single whole — usually a simple past event.
Active: The subject performs the action.
Passive: The subject is acted upon.
Indicative: A plain statement of fact.
Subjunctive: Possibility or purpose — "might", "should".
Infinitive: The verb as a noun — "to do".
Participle: A verbal adjective — describes while carrying the verb's action.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 7 verses across 6 of the 27 books. Most frequent in 2 Corinthians (2 verses); never once in the other 21.

Matthew

1 Corinthians

2 Corinthians

Hebrews

1 Peter

Revelation

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.